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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the author, Saint-Simon viewed society's goals as changing ______________.
(a) From community and church to production and consumption.
(b) From production and consumption to war and conquest.
(c) From war for conquest to war for annihilation.
(d) From communal power to individual power.

2. To what does Edmund Wilson attribute the need for political action in the early/mid 1800s?
(a) Lack of reform by Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
(b) Centralization of power in the hands of the aristocracy.
(c) Riots and strikes.
(d) Droughts.

3. Where did Michelet go during his travels through Europe?
(a) Monasteries.
(b) Libraries.
(c) Churches.
(d) Battlefields.

4. When did Marx express the desire to help humanity?
(a) In his graduate thesis.
(b) In the final exams for high school.
(c) In elementary school essays.
(d) In his political activism.

5. Marx wrote his doctoral thesis on ___________.
(a) Saint-Simon.
(b) Michelet.
(c) Hegel.
(d) Rousseau.

6. Where did Michelet begin his work on the French Revolution?
(a) With the American Revolution.
(b) With feudalism.
(c) With Locke and Rousseau.
(d) With the Rights of Man.

7. What was Saint-Simon's theory of history?
(a) Waves of equilibrium and breakdown.
(b) A seething chaos run by the powerful.
(c) A punctuated equilibrium.
(d) A cycle of development and destruction.

8. Where did Marx grow up?
(a) Dusseldorf.
(b) Trier.
(c) Munich.
(d) Berlin.

9. How did Fourier and Owen want to administer education in their ideal society?
(a) It should revert to the apprentice system.
(b) It should be paid for by students' families.
(c) It should be free and open to all.
(d) It should be provided within the commune.

10. What did La Scienza Nuova do for Michelet?
(a) It gave him a new standard for validating experimental results.
(b) It let him tell a new and different history of France.
(c) It allowed him to tie all branches of science together.
(d) It gave him a new religious perspective on the origin of the universe.

11. What did Taine study after 1871, when the Commune was established?
(a) Politics and economics.
(b) Mysticism and spirituality.
(c) Science and religion.
(d) Philosophy and language.

12. What did Michelet write as a result of his reading in the Renaissance?
(a) The Insect.
(b) Roman History.
(c) L'Amour.
(d) Introduction to Universal History.

13. How does Edmund Wilson describe Taine's approach to history?
(a) Spiritual.
(b) Biographical.
(c) Journalistic.
(d) Scientific.

14. What does Edmund Wilson examine from the Middle Ages?
(a) The development of a theory of history.
(b) The emergence of the idea of nations.
(c) The development of a notion of humanity as a transcendent unity.
(d) The emergence of the notion that man could improve himself.

15. What does Edmund Wilson say about the French artists' and intellectuals' engagement with politics after Louis Bonaparte became Emperor in 1851?
(a) They were not interested.
(b) They wanted to create their own republic.
(c) They wanted to preserve the old feudal system of patronage.
(d) They were deeply committed to fighting for the workers.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Fourier and Owen believe about the relationship between groups and society?

2. What organization did Michelet want to create?

3. What was the subject of Renan's The Future of Science?

4. According to Edmund Wilson, Saint-Simon represented______________.

5. According to Edmund Wilson, Babeuf saw the center of power during the French Revolution as being ______________.

(see the answer keys)

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