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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did Saint-Simon not participate in the French Revolution?
(a) He was too young.
(b) He was in prison.
(c) He considered it destructive.
(d) He was in exile.

2. Edmund Wilson relates that Babeuf worked at __________.
(a) Protecting the rich from the Revolution.
(b) Secularizing France.
(c) Promoting the Revolution.
(d) Attacking the church during the Revolution.

3. Which university did Marx attend?
(a) Weisbaden.
(b) Bonn.
(c) Munich.
(d) Berlin.

4. What organization did Michelet want to create?
(a) An international monetary fund.
(b) An armed peace league.
(c) A European army to keep workers in line.
(d) A congress of industrial leaders.

5. What did Taine study after 1871, when the Commune was established?
(a) Science and religion.
(b) Mysticism and spirituality.
(c) Politics and economics.
(d) Philosophy and language.

6. What was Michelet's relationship with Marx and Engels?
(a) They all endorsed class warfare against the rich.
(b) They were all persecuted together.
(c) They all signed an international pacifist manifesto.
(d) They all worked toward brokering a peace between owners and workers.

7. What did Fourier and Owen believe about the relationship between groups and society?
(a) There should be absolute rule by an all-powerful monarch.
(b) There should be perfect freedom of mobility throughout a society, no matter how large.
(c) There should be small, limited societies within the greater society.
(d) There should be small communes, then larger communities, then regional societies, then a loosely-affiliated confederacy. There should be absolute rule by an all-powerful monarch.

8. When was Jules Michelet teaching?
(a) The 1820s.
(b) The 1850s.
(c) The 1880s.
(d) The 1920s.

9. How old was Babeuf during the Revolution?
(a) Thirty-seven.
(b) Twenty-nine.
(c) Forty-six.
(d) Thirty-four.

10. How does Edmund Wilson characterize for Taine the difference between history and science?
(a) There was no way to measure quantities in history.
(b) There was no certainty about history.
(c) There was no perspective to observe outside of historical events.
(d) There was no experimenting in history.

11. According to the author, what ended with the French Revolution?
(a) Feudalism.
(b) Religion.
(c) Communism.
(d) Capitalism.

12. Where did Marx grow up?
(a) Trier.
(b) Dusseldorf.
(c) Munich.
(d) Berlin.

13. What did Taine believe about the French Revolution?
(a) It was evidence of a workers' state coming into existence.
(b) It would end in totalitarianism.
(c) It was evidence of corrections taking place.
(d) It was the beginning of the Communist Revolution.

14. What did Michelet write about beginning in 1843?
(a) The evolution of history.
(b) The Italian Revolution.
(c) The American Revolution.
(d) The French Revolution.

15. How were Fourier and Owen representative of early nineteenth century thinkers?
(a) They supported totalitarian leaders.
(b) They espoused liberal political views.
(c) They wanted a return to law and order.
(d) They did not subscribe to liberal politics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What value does Edmund Wilson attribute to Michelet's work?

2. What did La Scienza Nuova examine?

3. What did Michelet describe about each social class?

4. What was the subject of Renan's The Future of Science?

5. Saint-Simon thought society should be based on ____________.

(see the answer keys)

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