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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Engels characterize classical economic theories?
(a) As mere meditations on capital, without grounds in reality.
(b) As mathematical abstractions out of touch with the finances of poverty.
(c) As obsolete relative to new technologies for production.
(d) As rationalizations for capitalists' greed.

2. Where did Lenin and Trotsky first meet?
(a) In Moscow.
(b) In Berlin.
(c) In Munich.
(d) In London.

3. How did Trotsky try to influence the relationship between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks?
(a) He played them against each other.
(b) He tried to reconcile them.
(c) He tried to help the Bolsheviks incorporate the Mensheviks.
(d) He tried to get them both to accept Lenin's leadership.

4. Who was ruler of Russia when Lenin was growing up?
(a) Peter the Great.
(b) Tsar Nicholas I.
(c) Tsar Alexander III.
(d) Tsar Alexander II.

5. How did Marx and Engels view their theory of history?
(a) They wondered whether they had underestimated the greed of the lower classes.
(b) They saw it as one model among many.
(c) They knew it was a fantasy.
(d) They never doubted it would succeed.

Short Answer Questions

1. What thinker did Marx return to after he broke with Proudhon?

2. The "Communist Manifesto" by Marx and Engel wanted to end ____________.

3. Where did Friedrich Engels grow up?

4. How does Marx distinguish between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie in terms of morality?

5. Where did Lenin meet his future wife?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was Engels brought to socialism?

2. What are the ten points addressed in the Communist Manifesto?

3. Describe Ferdinand Lassalle's career.

4. What work did Engels have to finish after Marx died?

5. Describe Lenin's meeting with Trotsky.

6. How did Marx and Engels describe the stages of economic development?

7. Why, according to Trotsky, did the 1905 Soviet fail?

8. Describe Marx's relationship with Proudhon.

9. What reforms did the 1905 Soviet institute?

10. Why hadn't Marx and Engels thought that Russia would have the revolution they anticipated?

(see the answer keys)

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