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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Marx and Engels characterize capitalism?
(a) As the modern evil.
(b) As evidence of man's inhumanity to man.
(c) As a stage on the way toward Communism.
(d) As the perfect system for expressing human creativity.

2. In what project did Marx involve Proudhon?
(a) Publishing young socialist philosophers.
(b) Organizing workers into collectives.
(c) Collecting the letters of revolutionaries.
(d) A correspondence to keep communists in touch with one another.

3. How does Marx define labor?
(a) As the source of all value.
(b) As just one agent of the earth's fulfillment in economic activity.
(c) As a force of nature.
(d) As a commodity.

4. According to Marx, what kind of labor do machines contain?
(a) Divine labor.
(b) Magnified labor.
(c) Frozen labor.
(d) Eternally renewed labor.

5. How does Edmund Wilson describe Ferdinand Lassalle?
(a) As a disciple of Marx's.
(b) As the spokesman for the next phase of German socialism.
(c) As the philosopher who was the final straw in the development of socialism.
(d) As an agent provocateur from the German government.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were the Soviets NOT calling for in 1905?

2. According to Edmund Wilson, how did Marx and Engels see history?

3. What was Marx's relationship with Engels after the 1850s?

4. How did Marx and Engels view their theory of history?

5. What doctrine influenced both Marx and Engels?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Lenin's temperament and methods.

2. What are the ten points addressed in the Communist Manifesto?

3. Describe the relationship between Lenin and Trotsky.

4. Describe Ferdinand Lassalle's career.

5. What was Marx' engagement with the Workers' Associations by the time Das Kapital was finished?

6. Why, according to Trotsky, did the 1905 Soviet fail?

7. What conditions made Russia a good candidate for a transition to communism?

8. How did Marx approach the question of studying capitalism?

9. What is dialectical materialism?

10. What critique did Engels make of classical economics?

(see the answer keys)

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