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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What action did Lassalle warn Bismarck against when they met?
(a) Suppressing the press.
(b) Imprisoning Communist leaders.
(c) Suppressing the Communist Party.
(d) Breaking strikes using the military.

2. According to Edmund Wilson's account, why didn't Marx and Engels consider Russia as a site of the first revolution?
(a) Russia did not have fiery leaders to spark a revolution.
(b) Russia had industrialized very quickly, bringing prosperity to the masses.
(c) Russia's economy was agricultural.
(d) Russia had already transitioned from feudalism to capitalism without a war.

3. Where did Lenin move after being released from prison?
(a) London.
(b) Munich.
(c) Zurich.
(d) Moscow.

4. How did Engels characterize classical economic theories?
(a) As mere meditations on capital, without grounds in reality.
(b) As obsolete relative to new technologies for production.
(c) As mathematical abstractions out of touch with the finances of poverty.
(d) As rationalizations for capitalists' greed.

5. What did the Russians say at the 1905 Third Congress?
(a) They repudiated the influence of Trotsky and embraced Lenin.
(b) They wanted to purge the Russian party of dissenters.
(c) They wanted the German intellectuals to return and fight beside them.
(d) They didn't want exiles to lead them.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were the Soviets NOT calling for in 1905?

2. According to Edmund Wilson, how did Marx and Engels see history?

3. Where was Engels working while he and Marx were writing articles together?

4. When did Lenin break with the Central Committee in Germany?

5. Who was ruler of Russia when Lenin was growing up?

Short Essay Questions

1. What defined the views of Marx and Engels on international relationships between nations?

2. How did Marx ultimately find Engels?

3. Why, according to Trotsky, did the 1905 Soviet fail?

4. What reforms did the 1905 Soviet institute?

5. How did the theory of dialectical materialism by Marx and Engels reflect Hegel's influence?

6. Describe Marx's relationship with Proudhon.

7. What conditions made Russia a good candidate for a transition to communism?

8. Where did Marx and Engels apply their theories?

9. What effect did Marx have on Engels?

10. Describe the environment where Engels grew up.

(see the answer keys)

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