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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Edmund Wilson characterize for Taine the difference between history and science?
(a) There was no certainty about history.
(b) There was no perspective to observe outside of historical events.
(c) There was no experimenting in history.
(d) There was no way to measure quantities in history.

2. According to the author, Saint-Simon viewed society's goals as changing ______________.
(a) From community and church to production and consumption.
(b) From production and consumption to war and conquest.
(c) From war for conquest to war for annihilation.
(d) From communal power to individual power.

3. Marx wrote his doctoral thesis on ___________.
(a) Hegel.
(b) Saint-Simon.
(c) Rousseau.
(d) Michelet.

4. What made Michelet unique?
(a) He injected his own feelings into his historical narrative.
(b) He wrote in the language of the ordinary man.
(c) He saw the interrelatedness of all life.
(d) He described the underlying unity of historical themes.

5. What did Michelet describe about each social class?
(a) Its unique pressures and fears.
(b) Its interdependence with the other classes.
(c) Its unity with the other classes.
(d) Its lack of connection with the earth.

Short Answer Questions

1. How were Marx' early writings received?

2. According to the author, the success of Owen's community depended on ______________.

3. What was the French Enlightenment doctrine that inspired both Fourier and Owen?

4. What did Babeuf do when he got out of prison?

5. What happened to Michelet's interest in nations?

Short Essay Questions

1. What work did Michelet do after he had read Vico, and how did Vico's influence come through in that work?

2. What intellectual tradition had Michelet inherited from the Middle Ages?

3. What happened to Michelet as a result of his writing?

4. Describe Owen's background and career.

5. What did Jules Michelet discover in the work of Giavanni Vico?

6. What does Edmund Wilson describe as the result of the French Revolution?

7. How were Owen's communes organized?

8. In what way did Taine distinguish between history and science?

9. Describe Marx's education and upbringing.

10. Compare Renan and Taine.

(see the answer keys)

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