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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How were Fourier and Owen representative of early nineteenth century thinkers?
(a) They did not subscribe to liberal politics.
(b) They espoused liberal political views.
(c) They supported totalitarian leaders.
(d) They wanted a return to law and order.

2. What did Michelet write about beginning in 1843?
(a) The French Revolution.
(b) The American Revolution.
(c) The evolution of history.
(d) The Italian Revolution.

3. How does Edmund Wilson describe Taine's approach to history?
(a) Journalistic.
(b) Biographical.
(c) Spiritual.
(d) Scientific.

4. How does Edmund Wilson contrast Taine with Renan?
(a) Edmund Wilson saw Taine as concerned with the present.
(b) Edmund Wilson says that Taine is a more religious thinker than Renan.
(c) Edmund Wilson says that Taine was a less important thinker than Renan.
(d) Edmund Wilson says that Taine was not a serious historian.

5. What value does Edmund Wilson attribute to Michelet's work?
(a) He described history from the perspective of the people living through it.
(b) He told history from the poor people's perspective.
(c) He told the history of nations who lost wars but kept their culture intact.
(d) He described the subterranean narrative driving history.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Fourier and Owen believed about wealth?

2. How did Fourier and Owen want to administer education in their ideal society?

3. How does Edmund Wilson characterize for Taine the difference between history and science?

4. Where did Michelet go during his travels through Europe?

5. How does Michelet define the relations between the classes?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Michelet's politics.

2. Describe Owen's background and career.

3. Describe the evolution of Marx's philosophical thinking.

4. What was Michelet's approach to narrating history?

5. In what way did Taine distinguish between history and science?

6. What did Jules Michelet discover in the work of Giavanni Vico?

7. Explain Michelet's portrayal of society.

8. What intellectual tradition had Michelet inherited from the Middle Ages?

9. What opinions were shared by Fourier and Owen?

10. What did Michelet write about, and what was the effect of his writing?

(see the answer keys)

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