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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Michelet write about beginning in 1843?
(a) The American Revolution.
(b) The evolution of history.
(c) The Italian Revolution.
(d) The French Revolution.

2. According to Edmund Wilson, Babeuf saw the center of power during the French Revolution as being ______________.
(a) In the hands of people who appointed the leaders.
(b) In the hands of the people with armies.
(c) In the hands of people who counted the votes.
(d) In the hands of the people who were unhappy.

3. How does Edmund Wilson describe Taine's approach to history?
(a) Journalistic.
(b) Spiritual.
(c) Biographical.
(d) Scientific.

4. On what point did Marx agree with Engels when he first read his work?
(a) One spirit undergirded all of history's development.
(b) German philosophy didn't provide social principles.
(c) History would culminate in a workers' state.
(d) Economics was crippled by being divorced from morality and religion.

5. Saint-Simon thought society should be based on ____________.
(a) Power.
(b) Morality.
(c) Compassion.
(d) Merit.

Short Answer Questions

1. What value does Edmund Wilson attribute to Michelet's work?

2. What was Taine distancing himself from in his work?

3. What position did Marx take in 1842?

4. What was the French Enlightenment doctrine that inspired both Fourier and Owen?

5. When was Jules Michelet teaching?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Michelet write about, and what was the effect of his writing?

2. Describe Owen's background and career.

3. What did Jules Michelet discover in the work of Giavanni Vico?

4. How were Owen's communes organized?

5. What was Michelet's approach to narrating history?

6. What was Vico's effect on Michelet?

7. What does Edmund Wilson describe as the result of the French Revolution?

8. Describe Anatole France's career.

9. What does Edmund Wilson say about communes in America?

10. Describe the evolution of Marx's philosophical thinking.

(see the answer keys)

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