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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Marx began to work with Proudhon, who had written _____________.
(a) A series of essays on capital.
(b) Newspaper articles on the working poor.
(c) A book treating property as a form of theft.
(d) Political prophecies.

2. What made Marx and Engels pioneers in their field?
(a) The internationalism in their work.
(b) The prophecy of a workers' state.
(c) The inclusion of technological innovation in their predictions.
(d) The combination of a theory of history and a theory of economics.

3. What affect did Lassalle have on the relationship between Marx and Engels?
(a) He played them against each other.
(b) He strained it.
(c) He brought them closer together.
(d) He clarified their differences.

4. How did Marx and Engels characterize capitalism?
(a) As evidence of man's inhumanity to man.
(b) As a stage on the way toward Communism.
(c) As the modern evil.
(d) As the perfect system for expressing human creativity.

5. Describe Lenin's relationship with his wife?
(a) She managed the distribution of his ideas.
(b) He kept her apart from his political activities.
(c) She helped build his name as a leader in any communist revolution.
(d) She worked at his side to organize the workers.

6. How does Edmund Wilson characterize Marx's view of Das Kapital?
(a) He says that Marx saw it as a work of art.
(b) He says that Marx saw it as monument to workers' sufferings.
(c) He says that Marx saw it as a rebellion against his parents' culture.
(d) He says that Marx saw it as a new testament in Christian religion.

7. Who converted Engels in Cologne?
(a) Michelet.
(b) Saint-Simon.
(c) Hess.
(d) Marx.

8. When did Marx finish the first volume of Das Kapital?
(a) 1848.
(b) 1854.
(c) 1867.
(d) 1872.

9. When did Trotsky return to Russia after the 1905 revolt?
(a) 1912.
(b) 1917.
(c) 1921.
(d) 1927.

10. Where did Friedrich Engels grow up?
(a) Salzburg, Austria.
(b) Zurich, Switzerland.
(c) Barmen, Germany.
(d) Stuttgart, Germany.

11. What had Russia still not experienced by the end of the 19th century?
(a) Labor exploitation.
(b) Industrialization.
(c) Feudalism.
(d) Modern warfare.

12. What was Trotsky's role in the early years of the Russian Revolution?
(a) He helped implement the regime's policies.
(b) He plotted with the Tsar's loyalists against the regime.
(c) He spurred the revolutionaries to excesses.
(d) He was a vocal critic of the Revolution.

13. Where did the "dialectic" in dialectic materialism come from?
(a) Emerson.
(b) Diderot.
(c) Rousseau.
(d) Hegel.

14. According to Edmund Wilson's account, why didn't Marx and Engels consider Russia as a site of the first revolution?
(a) Russia did not have fiery leaders to spark a revolution.
(b) Russia had already transitioned from feudalism to capitalism without a war.
(c) Russia had industrialized very quickly, bringing prosperity to the masses.
(d) Russia's economy was agricultural.

15. What does Edmund Wilson say Marx discovered through his work with the International Working Men's Association?
(a) The historical movement toward a workers' state was progressing.
(b) Workers did not care about the historical process.
(c) As long as workers had subsistence wages, they could be pacified.
(d) The laws of economics were truly independent of nation or industry.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Marx and Engels view their theory of history?

2. According to Marx, what kind of labor do machines contain?

3. How do Marx and Engels describe the bourgeoisie?

4. How does a dialectical system progress?

5. What did Engels see as a sign of the workers' poor working conditions?

(see the answer keys)

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