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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Trotsky try to influence the relationship between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks?
(a) He played them against each other.
(b) He tried to get them both to accept Lenin's leadership.
(c) He tried to help the Bolsheviks incorporate the Mensheviks.
(d) He tried to reconcile them.

2. How did Marx first hear of Engels?
(a) Engels sought him out for help with an article.
(b) He met him by chance.
(c) He read one of his articles.
(d) He met him through friends.

3. What affect did Lassalle have on the relationship between Marx and Engels?
(a) He brought them closer together.
(b) He strained it.
(c) He clarified their differences.
(d) He played them against each other.

4. What did Trotsky say would be necessary before Russia could have a socialist revolution?
(a) A world war to change the balance of power in Europe.
(b) America would have to suppress its communists with violence.
(c) A transition to free markets for labor and goods.
(d) Socialist revolutions in other countries.

5. How is the "Communist Manifesto" described?
(a) A legal defense of a workers' revolution.
(b) The methods a revolutionary party should employ.
(c) A post-revolutionary society.
(d) The tools for bringing a revolution.

6. Where was Engels working while he and Marx were writing articles together?
(a) In a mill in Manchester.
(b) In an exchange in Zurich.
(c) In a publisher's house in Berlin.
(d) In a factory in London.

7. How do Marx and Engels describe the bourgeoisie?
(a) As the most recent usurpers.
(b) As the thesis.
(c) As an eternal principle of society.
(d) As the dominant institution.

8. How does Marx distinguish between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie in terms of morality?
(a) He says that the proletariat acknowledges a universal morality, but the bourgeoisie invents its own.
(b) He says that what is right for one class is not right for the other.
(c) He says that the bourgeoisie's power subjects the proletariat to the bourgeoisie's morals.
(d) He says that the proletariat determines the bourgeoisie's morality based on what the bourgeoisie is afraid of.

9. Marx began to work with Proudhon, who had written _____________.
(a) Political prophecies.
(b) Newspaper articles on the working poor.
(c) A book treating property as a form of theft.
(d) A series of essays on capital.

10. Where did the "dialectic" in dialectic materialism come from?
(a) Hegel.
(b) Rousseau.
(c) Emerson.
(d) Diderot.

11. What does Edmund Wilson say Marx discovered through his work with the International Working Men's Association?
(a) Workers did not care about the historical process.
(b) As long as workers had subsistence wages, they could be pacified.
(c) The laws of economics were truly independent of nation or industry.
(d) The historical movement toward a workers' state was progressing.

12. What was the one condition on which Proudhon agreed to Marx's project?
(a) It would not put them at risk of being arrested.
(b) It would not become a religious doctrine.
(c) It would bring about the revolution.
(d) It would not result in political action.

13. How does Edmund Wilson characterize Marx's view of Das Kapital?
(a) He says that Marx saw it as a work of art.
(b) He says that Marx saw it as a new testament in Christian religion.
(c) He says that Marx saw it as a rebellion against his parents' culture.
(d) He says that Marx saw it as monument to workers' sufferings.

14. How did Marx and Engels characterize capitalism?
(a) As the perfect system for expressing human creativity.
(b) As the modern evil.
(c) As evidence of man's inhumanity to man.
(d) As a stage on the way toward Communism.

15. According to Marxist economics, what kind of value does the worker create?
(a) Historical value.
(b) Moral value.
(c) Social value.
(d) Surplus value.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Edmund Wilson describe the relationship between Marx and Engels?

2. How does Edmund Wilson describe Marx's study of economics?

3. How does Edmund Wilson characterize Bakunin's career?

4. Who converted Engels in Cologne?

5. What in particular appalled Engels about the workers' conditions?

(see the answer keys)

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