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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How can laws be divided?

2. What is it best to try and acquire according to Hart?

3. What makes social pressure serious?

4. What do many not realize habits are?

5. What are rulings within the power of the legislatures?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Hart want to explain?

2. What was the most serious attempt to analyze the concept of law according to Chapter 2?

3. What is law?

4. What can the definition of law help provide?

5. What are understood as norms?

6. Where is the sovereignty conception of law held to be true?

7. How do we speak of justice?

8. What did customary societies have?

9. What do laws sometimes apply to?

10. Why is the concept of law hard, according to Chapter 1?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Choose one question raised by Hart's theory, examine its significance, and come to a conclusion regarding the question.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the significance of obligation when it comes to social morality and human conduct.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the objections to Austin's basic definition of law.

(see the answer keys)

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