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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the distinction make sense of, according to Hart?
(a) How moral is structured.
(b) How law should work.
(c) Many difficulties previously unsolved.
(d) How custom is structured.

2. What is rare for an individual to do in modern society?
(a) Order someone to do something.
(b) Do something that is not illegal.
(c) Do something not covered by a law.
(d) Do something that is moral.

3. What are imperatives backed by?
(a) Rewards.
(b) Rules.
(c) Coercion.
(d) Laws.

4. What do criminal laws specifies must be followed?
(a) Morality.
(b) The spirit of the law.
(c) The letter of the law.
(d) Duties.

5. What are laws?
(a) Written customs.
(b) Optional rules.
(c) Moral imperatives.
(d) Standing orders.

Short Answer Questions

1. What example does Hart give about non optional conduct that are not law?

2. How can laws be divided?

3. What do constitutions imply?

4. When does the concept of nullity arise?

5. Who denies there are true laws against murder?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the habit of obedience understood to apply to?

2. Where is the sovereignty conception of law held to be true?

3. Who do the laws made by the Queen of England not apply to?

4. What are understood as norms?

5. What is rare for individuals in modern societies?

6. What did Hart focus on according to Chapter 4?

7. What are customs given?

8. What will happen if we examine the many types of law according to Chapter 3?

9. What happens to laws?

10. What was the most serious attempt to analyze the concept of law according to Chapter 2?

(see the answer keys)

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