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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is law?
(a) A general order backed by threats.
(b) How to behave around other people.
(c) Morale based rules.
(d) A set of loose rules.

2. When does the concept of nullity arise?
(a) When none of the conditions of power is fulfilled.
(b) When a law cannot be interpreted.
(c) When one of the conditions for power is unfulfilled.
(d) When a judge cannot reach a decision.

3. How would a man keep law from applying to him, according to Austin?
(a) By making changes to the law.
(b) Keep the probability of punishment low.
(c) By ignoring it.
(d) By being rich.

4. How can laws of judicial practice and other like it be understood as?
(a) Rules through distortion.
(b) Rules to be followed.
(c) Guidelines.
(d) Indeterminate laws.

5. What do laws require exist?
(a) Social beliefs that laws are standing.
(b) An enforcement force.
(c) A strong ruler.
(d) A structured society.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do making laws differ from?

2. What is the first difficult thing about law?

3. What are laws according to Hart?

4. Who do laws dictated by the queen of England not apply to, according to Hart?

5. How do some react to rules themselves?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hart continue to illustrate?

2. What requires a critical reflective attitude?

3. Where is the sovereignty conception of law held to be true?

4. Why is the concept of law hard, according to Chapter 1?

5. How do we speak of justice?

6. Who do the laws made by the Queen of England not apply to?

7. What does the criminal law specify?

8. What happens to laws?

9. What do laws sometimes apply to?

10. What is law?

(see the answer keys)

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