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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 4, Sovereign and Subject.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What are 'real' rules, according to Hart?
(a) Those created by elected officials.
(b) Those society believe must be obeyed.
(c) Those society agree must apply to all.
(d) Those descending from morale.

2. What would allow all laws to be considered conditional orders to officials to apply sanctions?
(a) Written laws.
(b) Elaborate restatements.
(c) The ability for the judges to modify laws.
(d) Be sure to have everyone know about the laws.

3. What is a common myth about laws?
(a) That they are written with the public's best interest in mind.
(b) That they are fair.
(c) That they are easy to understand.
(d) That they are all public.

4. Who makes the law created by past regimes binding, according to some philosophers?
(a) Custom.
(b) The police force.
(c) The current authority.
(d) The force of habit.

5. Who denies there are true laws against murder?
(a) Roberts.
(b) Kartosen.
(c) Kristiansen.
(d) Kelsen.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do laws specify?

2. What example does Hart give about non optional conduct that are not law?

3. What do constitutions imply?

4. Which status is the closest to the Austin/coercive order model?

5. What does attempting a single definition do to the fundamental elements of the law?

(see the answer key)

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