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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 9, Laws and Morals.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the law need not be determined by?
(a) Judges.
(b) Independent lawmakers.
(c) The meaning of the words.
(d) Elected officials.

2. How is the legal standards impose when some are helpless victims of the law?
(a) By bribes.
(b) By morale pressure.
(c) By social pressure.
(d) By force or the threat of it.

3. What do judges do when they state that a law is valid?
(a) They make an internal statement.
(b) The make an external statement.
(c) They make a multiple statement.
(d) The make a simple statement.

4. What does attempting a single definition do to the fundamental elements of the law?
(a) Obscures them.
(b) Make them clear.
(c) Make them applicable.
(d) Make them accessible.

5. What cannot laws be reduced to?
(a) Directives against people.
(b) Directives without punishment.
(c) Directives against officials.
(d) Directives against judges.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which status is the closest to the Austin/coercive order model?

2. When does the concept of nullity arise?

3. That do the nullity as sanction view try to produce?

4. What can the official sector be in conflict with?

5. What are our legal standard, according to Hart?

(see the answer key)

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