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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What are subordinate to rules of recognition?
(a) Unstated rules.
(b) Rules based on Customs.
(c) Stable rules.
(d) Rules based on laws.

2. What is the most dangerous sort of international disputes?
(a) Peace treaty.
(b) Negotiation between small and large countries.
(c) International aggression.
(d) Bank disputes.

3. What does precedent focus on?
(a) Class term.
(b) Minimal classes.
(c) Maximal classes.
(d) Communities.

4. What can statement of law made as?
(a) Internal or external statement.
(b) Singular or multiple.
(c) Simple or complexe.
(d) Low or high.

5. What do not apply to the ultimate rules?
(a) Interpretation.
(b) Internal statements.
(c) Questions of validity.
(d) External statements.

6. What can be established without the voluntary cooperation of all?
(a) Coercive power.
(b) Laws.
(c) Revolutions.
(d) Democracy.

7. When do moral rules and legal rules usually apply to people?
(a) All the time.
(b) Only in case of emergency.
(c) Half the time.
(d) One at a time.

8. What standard do we have by which to judge the law?
(a) Looking at crime statistics.
(b) Observing natural facts.
(c) Conducting suveys.
(d) Observing judge.

9. What does Hart say is connected to the idea of justice?
(a) Equality for all.
(b) Harsh punishments.
(c) Social good.
(d) Good judges.

10. What do we make relative to the interpretation of rules?
(a) Choice based on Primary or Secondary laws.
(b) Choice about morale.
(c) Arbitrary selection.
(d) Specific choises.

11. What does Hart wonder about international law?
(a) Is it applicable.
(b) It is law at all.
(c) If it is doomed to fail.
(d) If it is necessary.

12. What do legislation focus on?
(a) Minimal classes.
(b) Class term.
(c) Communities.
(d) Maximal classes.

13. What do moral rules vary across?
(a) Societies and time periods.
(b) Lands.
(c) Country.
(d) People.

14. How many connections between morality and law does Hart discuss?
(a) 5.
(b) 6.
(c) 4.
(d) 2.

15. What does Hart say of the determination of the conditions necessary to have a legal system?
(a) It is impossible.
(b) It is easy.
(c) It is hard.
(d) It is evidence based.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is is caught between the poles of excessive formalism and excessive rule-skepticism?

2. What do people often equate to legal system?

3. What can't interpretation of the authoritative quality of the general rules do?

4. What do justice demand the promotion of?

5. What are our legal standard, according to Hart?

(see the answer keys)

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