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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why does Austin claim international law is not binding?
(a) Because it has no organized sanction.
(b) Because the U.N is powerless.
(c) Because large countries can do what they want.
(d) Because small countries are not well represented.

2. What is is caught between the poles of excessive formalism and excessive rule-skepticism?
(a) Custom.
(b) Legal theory.
(c) Moral rules.
(d) Judges.

3. What does Hart wonder about international law?
(a) If it is doomed to fail.
(b) Is it applicable.
(c) It is law at all.
(d) If it is necessary.

4. What do some see morality as doing?
(a) Make people the enforcers.
(b) Render law just.
(c) Ensure no resistance to the law.
(d) Render laws unjust.

5. What can statement of law made as?
(a) Low or high.
(b) Simple or complexe.
(c) Internal or external statement.
(d) Singular or multiple.

6. What does the law need not "just do"?
(a) Not offer second chance.
(b) Produce sanctions.
(c) Be heartless.
(d) Apply to the poor.

7. What is sometime given too much room to judges?
(a) Rules.
(b) Discretion.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Time.

8. What do rule-skepticism and formalism often do according to Hart?
(a) Fight each other.
(b) Contradict each other.
(c) Supplement each other.
(d) Co write artciles.

9. How many problems arise in studying international law?
(a) 5.
(b) 3.
(c) 2.
(d) 6.

10. Who has significant objections in Hart's views?
(a) Custom skeptics.
(b) Goal skeptics.
(c) Rule skeptics.
(d) Law skeptics.

11. What cannot be given for everything?
(a) Access to custom laws.
(b) Group directions
(c) Primary laws.
(d) Individual directions.

12. When does the second question arisen by Hart's theory appear?
(a) When we analyze the idea that a legal system can be said to exist.
(b) When we analyze the idea that acustom can be said to exist.
(c) When we analyze the idea that a legal system can be said not to exist.
(d) When we analyze the idea that a custom can not be said to exist.

13. How does Hart call a legal system when one group cease to do its parts?
(a) It is lumpsided.
(b) It has pathology.
(c) It is unfinished.
(d) It is unused.

14. How many parts dose the idea of justice have?
(a) 4.
(b) 2.
(c) 3.
(d) 5.

15. How many conditions are necessary to have a legal system?
(a) 3.
(b) 2.
(c) 5.
(d) 4.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are legitimate laws not?

2. What does Hart say is connected to the idea of justice?

3. What are subordinate to rules of recognition?

4. What does communication involve?

5. What are the ultimate rules?

(see the answer keys)

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