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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What parts of the Roman economy are slave-based?

2. Whose thinking basically molds the early church and shapes generations of theological thinkers?

3. How is this conflict referred?

4. What is the role of Jesus?

5. As Europe emerges from the Middle Ages, the church and European states become ____________ in terms of absolutism and thought processes.

Short Essay Questions

1. Where are Paul's large conversion rates located?

2. Why have historians tended to downplay the role of freedom during this time period?

3. What are the consequences of Jesus' crucifixion?

4. What is Reformist Stoicism?

5. How does Augustus influence the interpretations of freedom?

6. Rome extends its power and rule to the Italian peninsula through a series of wars and conquests in 266 B.C. What are the consequences?

7. How have women's lives begun to change?

8. What struggles do the Romans face regarding the development of the concept of freedom?

9. What is Reactionary Stoicism?

10. What has happened to society by the medieval times?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Augustus sets the pace for the interpretations of freedom that will define the European chordal triad for the next 1,500 years.

Part 1) Who is Augustus? How does he set the pace?

Part 2) Why is he so influential? What power does he have over the region?

Part 3) How does Augustus change his persona for his people? Why does he do this?

Essay Topic 2

The introduction of foreign slavery enhances the native attributes of the freedman.

Part 1) When and where was foreign slavery introduced? Why was it introduced?

Part 2) How does it affect the meaning of freedom and who was free?

Part 3) How is this idea of nativity relating to a freedman reflected in societies today in various social classes?

Essay Topic 3

By medieval times, Europe makes the transition from slavery to serfdom.

Part 1) Compare slavery to serfdom. Why does the end of the Roman Empire not end slavery?

Part 2) Why do historians down play the role of freedom during this period of time?

Part 3) Who controls freedom at this time? How do people at this time think of freedom? Why?

(see the answer keys)

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