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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Augustus' rule is at the expense of whose civic freedom?

2. What are slaves seeking and finding in Christianity?

3. What happens once Christianity appears?

4. From what does the development of the concept of freedom in Rome result?

5. How is the cult of Christianity similar to other cults of the time?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Reformist Stoicism?

2. How does Augustus influence the interpretations of freedom?

3. What is the purpose of this chapter?

4. What is freedom at this time?

5. What has happened to society by the medieval times?

6. Why does the populace accept Augustus?

7. How do the beliefs of different sects compare?

8. What struggles do the Romans face regarding the development of the concept of freedom?

9. In trying to define the relationship between church and state, four interpretations are proposed by Patterson. What are these interpretations?

10. What is Reactionary Stoicism?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

It is the women who are responsible for instilling the concept of freedom into Western civilization.

Part 1) Compare a man's concept of freedom to a woman's.

Part 2) Why are the women responsible?

Part 3) Are you surprised by this? Why or why not? How is this ironic?

Essay Topic 2

Inner freedom is brought about by Greek religion.

Part 1) What is inner freedom? How is it brought about by Greek religion?

Part 2) Could it be brought about in any other way? Why or why not?

Part 3) How do societies today reveal a desire for inner freedom? What is the connection between the Greeks' belief in inner freedom and ours?

Essay Topic 3

The living conditions of many Athenian women are harsh.

Part 1) Describe these living conditions. Why are they harsh?

Part 2) What is the connection between their conditions and slavery?

Part 3) What is surprising about the women who have the harshest of living conditions? Why this surprising?

(see the answer keys)

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