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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Reactionary Stoicism appeal to the Roman upper classes?

2. Who has the most freedom in terms of the sovereignal aspect of freedom?

3. What are slaves seeking and finding in Christianity?

4. How does Patterson describe the elements of slavery?

5. Where are the greatest conversion rates?

Short Essay Questions

1. Rome extends its power and rule to the Italian peninsula through a series of wars and conquests in 266 B.C. What are the consequences?

2. What is Paul's role in shaping Christianity?

3. Where are Paul's large conversion rates located?

4. What happens when Christianity appears?

5. How does Augustus influence the interpretations of freedom?

6. In trying to define the relationship between church and state, four interpretations are proposed by Patterson. What are these interpretations?

7. What is the relationship between church and state at the end of the Middle Ages?

8. What phases exist in the development of early Christianity?

9. What are the consequences of Jesus' crucifixion?

10. What struggles do the Romans face regarding the development of the concept of freedom?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Three schools exist among Hellenistic thinkers.

Part 1) Who are Hellenistic thinkers? What are the three schools?

Part 2) How did these schools come about? What is the significance of these three schools?

Part 3) How have these schools been used and altered by various societies after the Hellenistic Period?

Essay Topic 2

The development of freedom as a social value can be traced to five revolutions that occurred in Athens.

Part 1) Describe these five revolutions. Why did they take place?

Part 2) How did these revolutions affect the countries and city-states surrounding the revolutions? How do they affect U.S. policies today?

Part 3) What would our society be like if these revolutions had never taken place?

Essay Topic 3

Freedom as a value did not develop universally.

Part 1) Why did it not develop universally? Is this surprising to you? Why or why not?

Part 2) How did freedom develop as a value? Why did it develop this way?

Part 3) How is this value reflected in the various forms of government in existence today?

(see the answer keys)

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