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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did Christopher Columbus depart on his journey to the New World?

2. Galileo was appointed as a professor of mathematics at what institution?

3. Who did Christopher Columbus persuade to finance his search for a New World?

4. When did Galileo Galilei die?

5. Galileo's contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of what planet?

Short Essay Questions

1. What scholars and astronomers influenced the theories of Copernicus, according to the author in Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"?

2. What had remained a major problem for explorers at sea as described by the author in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

3. How does the author describe the ancient civilizations' perception of space in Chapter 1: "The Dome of Heaven"?

4. Why did global exploration expand interest in the cosmos, according to the author in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"?

5. How did Newton demolish Arisotle's dual universe according to the author in Chapter 6: "Newton's Reach"?

6. Where did the pursuit of science evolve after the rise of Christianity, according to the author in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"?

7. How does the author describe early models of the universe in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"?

8. What did Tycho witness in 1572 that influenced his ideas, according to the author in Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"?

9. What sparked the reawakening of interest in the cosmos, according to the author in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"?

10. What were the practical reasons for ancient civilizations to focus on the cosmos, as described by the author in Chapter 1: "The Dome of Heaven"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the lives and theories of Eudoxus, Aristotle, and Claudius Ptolemy. How did they advance science? When did each of these individuals live and what relationships did they have with one another? What were their impacts on history?

Essay Topic 2

Describe and discuss the journey of Captain James Cook in 1768. Who funded Cook's voyage? What was determined by the trip? How did this voyage further the sciences? What impact did it have on history?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the life and work of Galileo, "Sidereus Nuncius" and the telescope. What was the telescope invented by Galileo composed of? How did it work? What led Galileo to develop the telescope and what impact did this invention have on history?

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