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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The author of "An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe" described the Milky Way as what?
(a) In retrograde motion.
(b) In quantum flux.
(c) An elliptical radiant.
(d) A flattened disc of stars.

2. What is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916?
(a) The Tychonic system.
(b) General relativity.
(c) Asceticism.
(d) Quantum mechanics.

3. When was Charles Darwin born?
(a) 1809.
(b) 1853.
(c) 1798.
(d) 1902.

4. A spectrum analysis of what nebula proved that it was not gaseous but contained stars?
(a) The Kant nebula.
(b) The Aristotilian nebula.
(c) The Halley nebula.
(d) The Andromeda nebula.

5. In Chapter 9, the author discusses how there were two schools of thought about elliptical nebulae. One was the theory of what by Kant and Lambert?
(a) The "island universe."
(b) The "nebular hypothesis."
(c) The Tychonic system.
(d) Quantum mechanics.

6. Who wrote, "The greatest of all the accomplishments of twentieth-century science has been the discovery of human ignorance"?
(a) James Williams.
(b) Giuseppe Cocconi.
(c) Lew Thomas.
(d) Philip Morrison.

7. Which astronomer discovered that some nebulae had spiral structures?
(a) John Calvin.
(b) William Parsons.
(c) Tycho Brahe.
(d) James Keeler.

8. Scientists were able to confirm that the same elements found in the sun were also present where?
(a) In the stars.
(b) In other galaxies.
(c) In humans.
(d) In the earth.

9. William Herschel was the first astronomer to make "acute, systematic observations of the universe" beyond what?
(a) Jupiter.
(b) The moon.
(c) The sun.
(d) The solar system.

10. What is a branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation?
(a) Heliocentricism.
(b) Particle physics.
(c) Triangulation.
(d) Cartography.

11. Quantum physics first emerged when who theorized that energy came in discrete units called quanta?
(a) Plato.
(b) Isaac Newtwon.
(c) Max Planck.
(d) Aristotle.

12. According to the author in Chapter 19, what has obliterated the barrier between man and animal by proving that we all originate from the same source?
(a) Darwinian evolution.
(b) Astrophysics.
(c) Quantum physics.
(d) Black holes.

13. Where was Charles Darwin from?
(a) England.
(b) Germany.
(c) Spain.
(d) France.

14. The first step in the exploration of intergalactic space was taken by what mathematician?
(a) John Harrison.
(b) Jean Richer.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Johann Lambert.

15. What refers to the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave?
(a) Doppler effect.
(b) Halley effect.
(c) Richer effect.
(d) Geiser effect.

Short Answer Questions

1. Charles Darwin went on a five-year world-wide expedition on what brig?

2. What is the body of scientific principles that explains the behavior of matter and its interactions with energy on the scale of atoms and atomic particles?

3. According to the author, there may have been a short period during which the universe expanded more rapidly than before or after. This concept is referred to as what theory?

4. There is suspicion that there may be undetected matter which astronomers refer to as what?

5. William Herschel became most famous for the discovery of which planet?

(see the answer keys)

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