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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916?
(a) Asceticism.
(b) Quantum mechanics.
(c) General relativity.
(d) The Tychonic system.

2. Scientists were able to confirm that the same elements found in the sun were also present where?
(a) In other galaxies.
(b) In the earth.
(c) In humans.
(d) In the stars.

3. What is the body of scientific principles that explains the behavior of matter and its interactions with energy on the scale of atoms and atomic particles?
(a) The Tychonic system.
(b) Alchemy.
(c) Asceticism.
(d) Quantum mechanics.

4. Which astronomer discovered that some nebulae had spiral structures?
(a) Tycho Brahe.
(b) James Keeler.
(c) William Parsons.
(d) John Calvin.

5. Although Darwin wrote his theory in a 230-page essay, he did not publish it for how long?
(a) 5 years.
(b) 12 years.
(c) 50 years.
(d) 15 years.

6. Who estimated that the existence of over one hundred thousand such spiral nebulae was possible?
(a) Aristotle.
(b) William Parsons.
(c) John Calvin.
(d) James Keeler.

7. According to the author, there may have been a short period during which the universe expanded more rapidly than before or after. This concept is referred to as what theory?
(a) The special theory of relativitiy.
(b) The general theory of relativity.
(c) The Tychonic system.
(d) The inflationary universe theory.

8. The photographs taken by who in England in the 1880s proved that most nebulae were spirals?
(a) Isaac Roberts.
(b) William Parsons.
(c) John Calvin.
(d) James Keeler.

9. SETI was first proposed in 1959 by Giuseppe Cocconi and whom?
(a) Albert Einstein.
(b) Isaac Newton.
(c) Philip Morrison.
(d) James Williams.

10. When was William Herschel born?
(a) 1738.
(b) 1920.
(c) 1819.
(d) 1845.

11. Who published a paper in 1917 which provided evidence that the universe was expanding?
(a) Jean Richer.
(b) Emanuel Kant.
(c) Claudius Ptolemy.
(d) Vesto Slipher.

12. In the world of quantum physics, there are two categories of particles: particles with fractional spin called fermions and those of integer spin, called what?
(a) Micrometers.
(b) Bosons.
(c) Leptons.
(d) Nuclei.

13. Who wrote in fourth century BC that "to consider the earth as the only populated world in infinite space is as absurd as to assert that in an entire field sown with millet only one grain will grow"?
(a) John Harrison.
(b) Emanuel Kant.
(c) Metrodorus.
(d) Aristotle.

14. What is a branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation?
(a) Cartography.
(b) Heliocentricism.
(c) Particle physics.
(d) Triangulation.

15. What refers to one of the extremely small constituents of matter, as an atom or nucleus?
(a) Parallax.
(b) Retrograde motion.
(c) Particle.
(d) Micrometer.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who concluded that the process of the earth's creation was part of an infinite repeating cycle of development and destruction?

2. Charles Darwin went on a five-year world-wide expedition on what brig?

3. William Herschel first became interested in nebulae when he read books by stargazers James Ferguson and whom?

4. When did Protestant clergyman John Wilkins speak of man's settling on the moon?

5. According to the inflationary theory, the radius of the universe increased by how many times during less than the first second of time after which the quantum stability caused the expansion to slow?

(see the answer keys)

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