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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. William Herschel was the first astronomer to make "acute, systematic observations of the universe" beyond what?
(a) The moon.
(b) The sun.
(c) The solar system.
(d) Jupiter.

2. Who estimated that the existence of over one hundred thousand such spiral nebulae was possible?
(a) William Parsons.
(b) John Calvin.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) James Keeler.

3. In the world of quantum physics, fermions comprise matter and bosons convey what?
(a) Mass.
(b) Radiology.
(c) Dark matter.
(d) Force.

4. What refers to the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave?
(a) Geiser effect.
(b) Doppler effect.
(c) Halley effect.
(d) Richer effect.

5. What was the name of Charles Darwin's grandfather who had written the book, "Zoonomia"?
(a) Edwin Darwin.
(b) James Darwin.
(c) Erasmus Darwin.
(d) Johann Darwin.

6. The subject of a universe of galaxies emerged again when Johann Lambert was appointed where?
(a) Oxford University.
(b) The University of Paris.
(c) Harvard University.
(d) The Berlin Academy of Sciences.

7. Where was Albert Einstein born?
(a) Germany.
(b) England.
(c) Poland.
(d) France.

8. Who was the first physicist to conceptualize the vacuum genesis?
(a) James Keeler.
(b) Joseph Fraunhofer.
(c) Mikolai Kopernik.
(d) Edward Tryon.

9. One element of quantum physics was that one could either determine where a particle was or its what?
(a) Quantum mechanics.
(b) Alchemy.
(c) Chronometry.
(d) Trajectory in motion.

10. Who worked under George Hale, director of the Mount Wilson Observatory, as described by the author in Chapter 9?
(a) Emanuel Kant.
(b) Jean Richer.
(c) Mikolai Kopernik.
(d) Harlow Shapley.

11. In what year did Charles Darwin theorize that the Dangerous Archipelago was once a series of volcanoes?
(a) 1902.
(b) 1834.
(c) 1735.
(d) 1802.

12. Who discovered the period-luminosity phenomena that enabled the distances of the Milky Way and objects in deep space to be measured?
(a) Robert Smith.
(b) Jean Richer.
(c) Harlow Shapley.
(d) Henrietta Leavitt.

13. A spectrum analysis of what nebula proved that it was not gaseous but contained stars?
(a) The Aristotilian nebula.
(b) The Kant nebula.
(c) The Andromeda nebula.
(d) The Halley nebula.

14. What is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916?
(a) Asceticism.
(b) General relativity.
(c) The Tychonic system.
(d) Quantum mechanics.

15. Quantum physics first emerged in what year?
(a) 1905.
(b) 1900.
(c) 1796.
(d) 1818.

Short Answer Questions

1. Lambert wrote in his "Cosmological Letters" that the sun was a star on the a disc-shaped system of stars known as what?

2. Although Darwin wrote his theory in a 230-page essay, he did not publish it for how long?

3. In 1929, who confirmed movement away from earth and evidence of cosmic expansion?

4. Charles Darwin went on a five-year world-wide expedition on what brig?

5. What is defined as a sacred narrative explaining how the world and humankind came to be in their present form?

(see the answer keys)

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