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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Kant first became interested in space travel after reading a review of what philosopher's book?
(a) Aristotle's.
(b) Thomas Wright's.
(c) John Harrison's.
(d) Plato's.

2. When did Protestant clergyman John Wilkins speak of man's settling on the moon?
(a) 1895.
(b) 1638.
(c) 1598.
(d) 1795.

3. William Herschel became most famous for the discovery of which planet?
(a) Uranus.
(b) Venus.
(c) Mars.
(d) Pluto.

4. Who concluded that the process of the earth's creation was part of an infinite repeating cycle of development and destruction?
(a) Edwin Hubble.
(b) George Gamow.
(c) Fred Hoyle.
(d) Aristotle.

5. In the latter part of the 20th century, man began to abandon what in favor of actual exploration?
(a) Asceticism.
(b) Rhetoric.
(c) Heliocentricism.
(d) Religion.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Chapter 9, the author discusses how there were two schools of thought about elliptical nebulae. One was the theory of what by Kant and Lambert?

2. One element of quantum physics was that one could either determine where a particle was or its what?

3. Where was René Descartes born?

4. What German mathematician provided evidence that every conservation law is based on symmetry?

5. In 1929, who confirmed movement away from earth and evidence of cosmic expansion?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the author compare telescopes and accelerators in Chapter 17: "The Axis of History"?

2. What was indicated by Einstein's theory of relativity, according to the author in Chapter 11: "The Expansion of the Universe"?

3. What did Johann Lambert write of his discoveries, according to the author in Chapter 8: "Deep Space"?

4. What schools of thought does the author describe regarding elliptical nebulae in Chapter 9: "Island Universes"?

5. What advancements led to the discovery of the composition of the stars, according to the author in Chapter 10: "Einstein's Sky"?

6. What were the strengths of Darwin's "The Origin of the Species," according to the author in Chapter 14: "The Evolution of Atoms and Stars"?

7. How does the author describe the world of science in the twentieth century in Chapter 17: "The Axis of History"?

8. What discoveries does the author describe regarding spiral nebulae in Chapter 9: "Island Universes"?

9. What influences led William Herschel in his studies of nebulae, according to the author in Chapter 8: "Deep Space"?

10. What influenced Emmanuel Kant in his interest in cosmology according to the author in Chapter 8: "Deep Space"?

(see the answer keys)

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