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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When was Edmond Halley born?
(a) 1666.
(b) 1717.
(c) 1698.
(d) 1656.

2. What describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various sorts of worldly pleasures often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals?
(a) Cosmology.
(b) Asceticism.
(c) Heliocentricism.
(d) Alchemy.

3. Who wrote the work "Mathematical Syntaxis"?
(a) Aristarchus.
(b) Albert Einstein.
(c) Claudius Ptolemy.
(d) Eudoxus.

4. What Arabic secret society published tables of planetary distances that had been calculated by Aristarchus?
(a) The Arabic Society.
(b) The Brethren of Purity.
(c) The Scientific Mathematics.
(d) The Brothers of Peace.

5. Isaac Newton developed a theory on gravitation and in doing so demolished whose dual universe?
(a) Aristotle's.
(b) Eudoxus'.
(c) Plato's.
(d) Claudius Ptolemy's.

Short Answer Questions

1. In early models of the universe, what stood at the center of the universe?

2. When did Christopher Columbus depart on his journey to the New World?

3. What ancient people thought of the sky as a canopy supported by the mountains, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Dome of Heaven"?

4. What was the epicenter of the burgeoning interest in seaward adventures, according to the author in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"?

5. The Islamic followers of whom misinterpreted his calculations and created a model that was cumbersome and impractical?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the major problem with astronomical units, as described by the author in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

2. What had remained a major problem for explorers at sea as described by the author in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

3. How did the rise of Christianity impact the sciences according to the author in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"?

4. Why did global exploration expand interest in the cosmos, according to the author in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"?

5. What aspects of the cosmos confused ancient astronomers, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Dome of Heaven"?

6. With whom did Eudoxus study astronomy, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Dome of Heaven"? Where?

7. How had Greek science changed by Archimedes' death according to the author in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"?

8. How are the early years of Copernicus described in Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"? What and where did he study?

9. Who developed the marine chronometer? How is his work described in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

10. How does the author describe micrometry in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

(see the answer keys)

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