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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines?
(a) Cartography.
(b) Micrometer.
(c) Parallax.
(d) Chronometry.

2. When did Eudoxus of Cnidus attend the Academy in Athens?
(a) 330 B.C.
(b) 384 B.C.
(c) 410 B.C.
(d) 385 B.C.

3. Who discovered the rotation of Jupiter?
(a) Robert Hooke.
(b) Plato.
(c) Eudoxus.
(d) Claudius Ptolemy.

4. What is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a stationary Sun at the center of the universe?
(a) Asceticism.
(b) Triangulation.
(c) The Tychonic system.
(d) Heliocentricism.

5. Aristotle declared that a body in rest tended to do what?
(a) Dissipate.
(b) Grow moss.
(c) Stay at rest.
(d) Start moving.

Short Answer Questions

1. What describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various sorts of worldly pleasures often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals?

2. The Royal Society was established in what year?

3. What refers to motion in the direction opposite to the movement of something else, and is the contrary of direct or prograde motion?

4. What is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion or rest, or the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion?

5. What is an influential philosophical tradition whose early practitioners' claims to profound powers were known from antiquity?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the concept of inertia change the image of the cosmos, according to the author in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"?

2. What scholars and astronomers influenced the theories of Copernicus, according to the author in Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"?

3. What interests did Isaac Newton have in addition to science, according to the author in Chapter 6: "Newton's Reach"?

4. What theory did Copernicus work tirelessly to prove, according to the author Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"? When were his ideas published?

5. What did Galileo attempt do bring physics into the study of in Chapter 5: "The World in Retrograde"?

6. What did Galileo invent and develop as a result of debt in Chapter 5: "The World in Retrograde"?

7. What had remained a major problem for explorers at sea as described by the author in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

8. How does the author describe the work and theories of Claudius Ptolemy in Chapter 1: "The Dome of Heaven"?

9. What does the author say is symbolized by the work of Galileo in Chapter 5: "The World in Retrograde"?

10. What did Tycho witness in 1572 that influenced his ideas, according to the author in Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"?

(see the answer keys)

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