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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What book did Copernicus have published near the time of his death?
(a) "De Revolutionibus."
(b) "The Almagest."
(c) "On the Origin of Species."
(d) "Sidereus Nuncius."

2. Isaac Newton developed a theory on gravitation and in doing so demolished whose dual universe?
(a) Plato's.
(b) Eudoxus'.
(c) Claudius Ptolemy's.
(d) Aristotle's.

3. Approximately when was Eudoxus of Cnidus born?
(a) 128 A.D.
(b) 218 B.C.
(c) 410 B.C.
(d) 355 B.C.

4. Who accused Copernicus of thinking he was superior to God?
(a) Marco Polo.
(b) Martin Luther.
(c) Pontius Pilate.
(d) John Calvin.

5. What foremost astronomer of the sixteenth century proved Aristotle wrong in 1577?
(a) John Calvin.
(b) Tycho Brahe.
(c) Archimedes.
(d) Plato.

Short Answer Questions

1. Eudoxus of Cnidus was a student of whom?

2. The decline of Rome occurred over a period of four centuries, culminating in what year, when Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed by Odoacer?

3. Who wrote the work "Mathematical Syntaxis"?

4. When was Aristotle born?

5. Copernicus studied the great astronomers, and particularly admired whom?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the author describe early models of the universe in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"?

2. What discoveries did Galileo make in his studies of the cosmos, according to the author in Chapter 5: "The World in Retrograde"?

3. How is the telescope Newton developed described in Chapter 6: "Newton's Reach"?

4. What does the author say is symbolized by the work of Galileo in Chapter 5: "The World in Retrograde"?

5. What was the major problem with astronomical units, as described by the author in Chapter 7: "A Plumb Line to the Sun"?

6. What did Tycho witness in 1572 that influenced his ideas, according to the author in Chapter 4: "The Sun Worshipers"?

7. What sparked the reawakening of interest in the cosmos, according to the author in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"?

8. What did Galileo attempt do bring physics into the study of in Chapter 5: "The World in Retrograde"?

9. What achievements did Aristarchus accomplish in the sciences according to the author in Chapter 2: "Raising (and Lowering) the Roof"? What did Archimedes write?

10. What explorations around the Cape of Good Hope does the author describe in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"? When did these take place?

(see the answer keys)

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