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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After the fall of Rome, Christian zealots were said to have burned all the "pagan" books in the library where?
(a) Rome.
(b) Athens.
(c) Alexandria.
(d) Sparta.

2. Isaac Newton developed a theory on gravitation and in doing so demolished whose dual universe?
(a) Aristotle's.
(b) Eudoxus'.
(c) Plato's.
(d) Claudius Ptolemy's.

3. Who discovered the rotation of Jupiter?
(a) Robert Hooke.
(b) Claudius Ptolemy.
(c) Plato.
(d) Eudoxus.

4. Copernicus was impressed by the logic of whose belief that there was an underlying structure to the entire universe?
(a) Eudoxus'.
(b) Archimedes'.
(c) Plato's.
(d) Aristotle's.

5. What is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a stationary Sun at the center of the universe?
(a) Heliocentricism.
(b) The Tychonic system.
(c) Asceticism.
(d) Triangulation.

6. Who launched one of the most renowned transit expeditions was launched by the Royal Society in August 1768?
(a) Captain James Cook.
(b) Marco Polo.
(c) Claudius Ptolemy.
(d) Prince Henry the Navigator.

7. Where was Christopher Columbus from?
(a) England.
(b) Germany.
(c) Italy.
(d) France.

8. What refers to motion in the direction opposite to the movement of something else, and is the contrary of direct or prograde motion?
(a) Triangulation.
(b) Asceticism.
(c) Lepton.
(d) Retrograde motion.

9. Galileo published his findings in what book?
(a) "De Revolutionibus."
(b) "On the Origin of Species."
(c) "Sidereus Nuncius."
(d) "The Almagest."

10. Where was Galileo Galilei from?
(a) Spain.
(b) France.
(c) Italy.
(d) Germany.

11. Giovanni Cassini studied data by what astronomer who observed Mars at its closest passage to earth and determined, a value of 87 million miles for the astronomical unit?
(a) John Harrison.
(b) Plato.
(c) Jean Richer.
(d) Marco Polo.

12. Driven by debt, Galileo invented what which was well-received in Venice?
(a) The radio.
(b) The telescope.
(c) The sailboat.
(d) The camera.

13. The Royal Society was established in what year?
(a) 1603.
(b) 1689.
(c) 1782.
(d) 1598.

14. What Arabic secret society published tables of planetary distances that had been calculated by Aristarchus?
(a) The Brothers of Peace.
(b) The Scientific Mathematics.
(c) The Arabic Society.
(d) The Brethren of Purity.

15. Eudoxus went on to establish his own observatory where?
(a) The Nile.
(b) Athens.
(c) Alexandria.
(d) China.

Short Answer Questions

1. The Middle Ages encompassed the period from the 5th century to when?

2. What is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion or rest, or the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion?

3. Galileo's contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of what planet?

4. As far back as Ptolemy, geography was employed as an aid in the study of what, according to the author in Chapter 3: "The Discovery of the Earth"?

5. The Age of Discovery was a period in history starting in the early 15th century and continuing into what century?

(see the answer keys)

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