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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapters 19 and 20.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who estimated that the existence of over one hundred thousand such spiral nebulae was possible?
(a) Aristotle.
(b) William Parsons.
(c) John Calvin.
(d) James Keeler.

2. The decline of Rome occurred over a period of four centuries, culminating in what year, when Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed by Odoacer?
(a) 476 A.D.
(b) 90 A.D.
(c) 123 A.D.
(d) 12 B.C.

3. There is suspicion that there may be undetected matter which astronomers refer to as what?
(a) Dark matter.
(b) Micrometer.
(c) Parallax.
(d) Quantum flux.

4. According to the author, the universe could have emerged from nothing without violating any natural laws since the energy emitted from celestial objects (positive) is balanced by what, resulting in a net zero amount of energy?
(a) Gravity.
(b) Dark matter.
(c) Quantum flux.
(d) Parallax.

5. The Royal Society was established in what year?
(a) 1689.
(b) 1782.
(c) 1603.
(d) 1598.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916?

2. Where was Isaac Newton born?

3. Who elevated spectroscopy to an exact science?

4. Who launched one of the most renowned transit expeditions was launched by the Royal Society in August 1768?

5. When was Charles Darwin born?

(see the answer key)

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