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This test consists of 5 short answer questions and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The Catholic church distinguished itself when Pope Innocent VIII promulgated a Papal Bull in 1484. What did this start?

2. Muslim influence increased in scope as ____________ gained hold in Asia Minor.

3. More and more writers and philosophers struggle to develop ideas which might replace ____________.

4. What does Armstrong notice is happening to the churches in Europe?

5. Some scholars suggest that the decline of Muslim science marked the beginning of ____________.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Muhammad came under the influence of Jews at Medina.

Part 1) How did they influence him? How did this influence Islam as well?

Part 2) Why do Muslims date their era to this migration to Medina? What does this say about the power of the Jews at this time?

Part 3) How has Islam continued to change until today? Compare Islam today to Islam when Muhammad was alive. What might he think of today's Islam? Why?

Essay Topic 2

Christianity spread quickly.

Part 1) Why did it spread quickly? How did it spread quickly?

Part 2) What is the connection between this spreading of Christianity and Judaism?

Part 3) Why was Christianity accepted by the governing Romans? What does this later mean for both Christians and Romans?

Essay Topic 3

Armstrong describes the practices of early Christians.

Part 1) What does she say about their early practices? What proof of this does she give?

Part 2) Why might the early Christians practice their faith in this way?

Part 3) How did St. Paul change early Christianity? What are the consequences of this? Why did some Christians not follow Paul? What might this say about Paul and Christianity as we know it?

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