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This test consists of 5 short answer questions and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the German philosopher who propounded the liberal ideas of the Enlightenment and paved the way for Judaism to enter the arena of modern Europe?

2. Back in London Wesley became a convert to this religion and preached his new faith to ____________.

3. The Catholic church distinguished itself when Pope Innocent VIII promulgated a Papal Bull in 1484. What did this start?

4. What are becoming more and more prevalent in Europe today?

5. The classic texts of this form of Judaic mysticism were written ____________.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

A new conservative Islam arose.

Part 1) Why did this occur? How does this conservative version of Islam compare to previous sects?

Part 2) How did this new Islam change Islam permanently, as well as Muslim relations with other religions and other groups of people?

Part 30 How is this change seen today? Could this conservative sect weaken or change? If so, how? If not, why not?

Essay Topic 2

All three monotheistic religions developed mystical traditions.

Part 1) How was mysticism developed in each religion? Why did it develop?

Part 2) What do these mystical traditions have in common? What is unique about each of them?

Part 3) How does this mysticism bring these religions closer to Buddhism and other Vedic religions? How did the religions establishments feel about mysticism? Why did they feel this way? What does mysticism and the reactions to mysticism say about mankind?

Essay Topic 3

Muhammad came under the influence of Jews at Medina.

Part 1) How did they influence him? How did this influence Islam as well?

Part 2) Why do Muslims date their era to this migration to Medina? What does this say about the power of the Jews at this time?

Part 3) How has Islam continued to change until today? Compare Islam today to Islam when Muhammad was alive. What might he think of today's Islam? Why?

(see the answer keys)

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