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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How is the Kabah regarded?
(a) As the most important shrine in Arabia.
(b) As the most important prayer in Arabia.
(c) As the most important religious book in Arabia.
(d) As the most important temple in Arabia.

2. What was considered blasphemous by Jews and later by Muslims?
(a) The Trinity.
(b) God the Father.
(c) The Ark of the Covenant.
(d) Manifest Destiny.

3. In 622 CE, accepting an invitation from the inhabitants of Yathrib, Muhammad and his followers migrated to ______.
(a) What is the modern city of Jerusalem.
(b) What is the modern city of Cairo.
(c) What is the modern city of Baghdad.
(d) What is the modern city of Medina to the north of Mecca.

4. This city is located in what is now the Western province of ____________.
(a) Israel.
(b) Iran.
(c) Saudi Arabia.
(d) Iraq.

5. During the twelfth century, European scholars had flocked to Spain to study ____________.
(a) Christian theology.
(b) Muslim theology.
(c) Buddhist theology.
(d) Jewish theology.

Short Answer Questions

1. Christianity became the state religion of ___________.

2. In the seventh century CE, Muhammad's tribe was emerging from the obscurity of nomadic life in the desert to ________________.

3. After the synod, confusion still reigned in the Christian church with a competing philosophy developing at ________.

4. Why are theories and philosophies not designed to convince unbelievers?

5. Who is a distinguished Muslim philosopher in Cordova, Spain who had an enormous influence on both Jews and Christians and specifically on theologians such as Thomas Aquinas and Albert the Great?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is "religion of the heart and what did this lead to?

2. What does Armstrong say about the development of the philosophic theories in the Arab culture during the ninth century?

3. What happened at Medina?

4. What does Armstrong say about scientific discoveries, old religious dogmas, and atheism?

5. Describe the weakening of Islam during the fifteenth century, as well as a resurgence of conservatism.

6. How was tolerance of other religions was not evident in Christian Spain?

7. What does The Koran mean?

8. Why did many European scholars flock to Spain during the twelfth century?

9. What took place despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of the Shariah laws and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs?

10. Who were the Zionists?

(see the answer keys)

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