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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is Bernard?
(a) The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
(b) An archbishop in the Roman Catholic Church.
(c) The abbot of the Cistercian Abby of Clairvaux in Burgundy.
(d) A popular priest in Paris.

2. What was considered blasphemous by Jews and later by Muslims?
(a) Manifest Destiny.
(b) The Ark of the Covenant.
(c) The Trinity.
(d) God the Father.

3. There was now an emergence of Muslim studies in the fields of ____________.
(a) Art, science, and technology.
(b) Astronomy, alchemy, medicine, and mathematics.
(c) Astrology, alchemy, and art.
(d) Music, art, and literature.

4. During the twelfth century, European scholars had flocked to Spain to study ____________.
(a) Jewish theology.
(b) Buddhist theology.
(c) Christian theology.
(d) Muslim theology.

5. Even by that time the historical facts were being overlaid with mythical elements, which did ___________.
(a) Spread the beliefs of a mad man.
(b) Trick non-believers into thinking Jesus' was the Messiah.
(c) Give Jesus' disciples power over others.
(d) Purported to explain facets of his life in the context of the beliefs of his followers.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why are theories and philosophies not designed to convince unbelievers?

2. In this chapter Karen Armstrong deals with the dramatic rise of a charismatic faith healer in North Palestine. Who is this man?

3. The ___________ Empire in the ninth century, Greek science and philosophy exerted a strong influence on Arab culture.

4. What tribe was Muhammad a member of?

5. What is the Kabah?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the Faylasufs' notion of God.

2. What does Armstrong say about what the technical and industrial revolution, occurring in the West, had on the beliefs of the three monotheistic religions?

3. What did Galileo discover? What was the result of Galileo's discoveries?

4. Describe Muhammad's epiphany.

5. Why was the idea of a personal God developed by all three of the monotheistic religions? What are its dangers?

6. What is Armstrong's pessimistic view of the modern world?

7. What does Armstrong say about the old tribal God standing judgment of the individual?

8. How did many Jews respond to the Neoplatonic doctrine?

9. What approach to religion does Armstrong advocate?

10. Describe the weakening of Islam during the fifteenth century, as well as a resurgence of conservatism.

(see the answer keys)

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