2. In 622 CE, accepting an invitation from the inhabitants of Yathrib, Muhammad and his followers migrated to ______.
(a) What is the modern city of Medina to the north of Mecca.
(b) What is the modern city of Jerusalem.
(c) What is the modern city of Cairo.
(d) What is the modern city of Baghdad.

3. Christianity became the state religion of ___________.
(a) The Persian Empire.
(b) The Ottoman Empire.
(c) The Roman Empire.
(d) Spain.

4. What happened almost immediately to the newly established Christian Church in the Roman Empire?
(a) It unified.
(b) It was split by a fierce controversy.
(c) It spread.
(d) It ended.

5. It was after his execution as a common criminal that Jesus' followers decided _____________.
(a) That he should not have died.
(b) That he was divine.
(c) That he was only a man.
(d) That he was not the Son of God.

Short Answer Questions

1. Initially, Muhammad's message was to warn the Quraysh about ____________.

2. What became clear to Muhammad regarding the majority of Jews in Medina?

3. The concept of a Divine Trinity is largely the result of the teachings of ____________.

4. The ___________ Empire in the ninth century, Greek science and philosophy exerted a strong influence on Arab culture.

5. Where did the newly founded religion of Christianity spread quickly?

Short Essay Questions

1. What approach to religion does Armstrong advocate?

2. Why did many European scholars flock to Spain during the twelfth century?

3. What did Galileo discover? What was the result of Galileo's discoveries?

4. What happened at Medina?

5. What does Armstrong say about the Sufis and Abu Walid ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd?

6. What took place despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of the Shariah laws and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs?

7. Describe the life of Muhammad prior to his epiphany.

8. Describe Christian mysticism in Northern Europe.

9. What led to a rift with the Quraysh? To what did this rift lead?

10. What is "religion of the heart and what did this lead to?

(see the answer keys)

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