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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Does the expression "Son of God" bear the same connotation in Hebrew as it does in Greek?
(a) Almost.
(b) Somewhat.
(c) Yes.
(d) No.

2. The Romans, initially regarded Christianity as _____________.
(a) Just one more god and religion, which they allowed to exist alongside their own gods and beliefs.
(b) A large threat.
(c) A religion of which to become a member.
(d) An odd phenomenon.

3. Is any further development of revelation possible in Christianity?
(a) Yes.
(b) Sometimes.
(c) No.
(d) Rarely.

4. Bernard's influence outshone that of ____________.
(a) The Jews and Muslims.
(b) Other priests.
(c) The bourgeoisie.
(d) Pope Eugene II and King Louis VII of France.

5. Muhammad came under the influence of __________, some of whom were well disposed towards him.
(a) Jews.
(b) Buddhists.
(c) Hindus.
(d) Christians.

Short Answer Questions

1. The emergence of the cult of Jesus from the established church of Judaism was accompanied by passionate dispute, and many disciples of Jesus ____________.

2. Who is a distinguished Muslim philosopher in Cordova, Spain who had an enormous influence on both Jews and Christians and specifically on theologians such as Thomas Aquinas and Albert the Great?

3. After the synod, confusion still reigned in the Christian church with a competing philosophy developing at ________.

4. Once "God" is presumed to exist as a separate external entity, humans can _____________.

5. What was the belief in question?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Armstrong say about what the technical and industrial revolution, occurring in the West, had on the beliefs of the three monotheistic religions?

2. What are the results of the Italian Renaissance and the beginning of the scientific discoveries?

3. What ideas were being developed by Jews in Europe at this time?

4. Who were the Zionists?

5. How did many Jews respond to the Neoplatonic doctrine?

6. How were these three religions forced to develop mystical traditions?

7. What is "religion of the heart and what did this lead to?

8. What took place despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of the Shariah laws and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs?

9. What does Armstrong say about the old tribal God standing judgment of the individual?

10. Describe Muhammad's epiphany.

(see the answer keys)

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