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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Paradoxically, Armstrong identifies strong movements in all three religions to ____________.
(a) Liberalism.
(b) A progressive fundamentalism.
(c) A regressive fundamentalism.
(d) A conservative orthodox religion.

2. Western secularism and the rising dominance of industrialized European countries had a profound effect on ____________.
(a) Americans.
(b) The environment.
(c) Politics.
(d) The Muslim religion.

3. The first Zionists essentially follow a religion without ____________.
(a) Rules.
(b) A God.
(c) A religious text.
(d) The Son of God.

4. The medieval forms of religion erupted into fragmented sects and belief systems, led by such reformers as ____________.
(a) Baruch and Wesley.
(b) Luther and Wesley.
(c) Calvin and Wesley.
(d) Luther and Calvin.

5. In 1492, what happened when 150,000 Jews refused baptism?
(a) They were exterminated.
(b) They were expelled from Spain.
(c) They were worshiped.
(d) They were imprisoned in Spain.

Short Answer Questions

1. Despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of _____________ and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs, scholars, such as Mulla Sadr (ca 1571-1640), taught a philosophy that fused metaphysics and spirituality.

2. Kabbalists used _______________ between the essence of God and the God who is revealed by the reality of creation.

3. Now Europe split into two warring armies. Who were these warring groups?

4. Armstrong asserts that the type of God who ____________ is obviously not pertinent nor desirable in modern society?

5. To what common element does Armstrong point in all the progressive developments in the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions and, in the same vein, includes the introduction of the Buddhist worship of the Bodhisattvas?

(see the answer keys)

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