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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. A similar intellectual movement developed among the Jews in the Islamic empire who did not accept the doctrine of ____________.

2. At this synod, the modern Christian creed, called ________ was first promulgated.

3. The Falsafa movement reached its peak with the work of ____________.

4. Does the expression "Son of God" bear the same connotation in Hebrew as it does in Greek?

5. What had happened by 235 CE?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe mysticism in Judaism.

2. What does Armstrong say about scientific discoveries, old religious dogmas, and atheism?

3. What does Armstrong say about the development of the philosophic theories in the Arab culture during the ninth century?

4. How was tolerance of other religions was not evident in Christian Spain?

5. What does Armstrong say about Islam after Muhammad's death?

6. What led to a rift with the Quraysh? To what did this rift lead?

7. Who questions the existence and relevance of God in the nineteenth century? How do these people question God's existence or relevance?

8. How did many Jews respond to the Neoplatonic doctrine?

9. How did Western secularism and the rising dominance of industrialized European countries have an effect on the Muslim religion?

10. What did Galileo discover? What was the result of Galileo's discoveries?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Armstrong discusses the development of a personal God.

Part 1) Describe this development, according to Armstrong. Why did a personal God come to be in these three major religions?

Part 2) What is an inherent danger in a personal God? How was this seen throughout history? How is this seen today?

Part 3) Why did the members of these religions feel that a personal God was necessary? How is this still important today?

Essay Topic 2

Muhammad came under the influence of Jews at Medina.

Part 1) How did they influence him? How did this influence Islam as well?

Part 2) Why do Muslims date their era to this migration to Medina? What does this say about the power of the Jews at this time?

Part 3) How has Islam continued to change until today? Compare Islam today to Islam when Muhammad was alive. What might he think of today's Islam? Why?

Essay Topic 3

Christianity spread quickly.

Part 1) Why did it spread quickly? How did it spread quickly?

Part 2) What is the connection between this spreading of Christianity and Judaism?

Part 3) Why was Christianity accepted by the governing Romans? What does this later mean for both Christians and Romans?

(see the answer keys)

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