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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Prior to Augustine's conversion to Christianity, he had repulsed any idea of __________.

2. In the seventh century CE, Muhammad's tribe was emerging from the obscurity of nomadic life in the desert to ________________.

3. The Falsafa movement reached its peak with the work of ____________.

4. It was after his execution as a common criminal that Jesus' followers decided _____________.

5. What was a consequence of the doctrine of Incarnation?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Armstrong say about what the technical and industrial revolution, occurring in the West, had on the beliefs of the three monotheistic religions?

2. What did Galileo discover? What was the result of Galileo's discoveries?

3. Describe Muhammad's epiphany.

4. Describe mysticism in Judaism.

5. How did Western secularism and the rising dominance of industrialized European countries have an effect on the Muslim religion?

6. What led to a rift with the Quraysh? To what did this rift lead?

7. What are the results of the Italian Renaissance and the beginning of the scientific discoveries?

8. What happens to Sufism during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

9. What is the Jewish development similar to the "Great Awakening?"

10. Why was the idea of a personal God developed by all three of the monotheistic religions? What are its dangers?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Armstrong discusses the consequences of the doctrine of Incarnation.

Part 1) What is the doctrine of Incarnation? What are the consequences of this doctrine?

Part 2) How does this doctrine compare to other religions, such as Buddhism? What does this doctrine mean for Christianity?

Part 3) Can their be further development of revelation? Why or why not? Is this a good or bad thing? Why?

Essay Topic 2

A synod is called by Emperor Constantine at Nicaea.

Part 1) What took place at this synod? What events led up to this synod?

Part 2) Why is this synod so significant? How does it affect Christians today?

Part 3) Are the decisions that were made at this synod valid regarding one's beliefs about God and Jesus? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

The 15th and 16th centuries affected all three major monotheistic religions.

Part 1) What took place during these centuries? How did this affect these three major religions?

Part 2) How do these effects reflect changes that had already taken place? How were the affects of the 15th and 16th centuries foreshadowed?

Part 3) How are these changes seen today? How do these three religions continue to evolve today?

(see the answer keys)

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