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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the Western world, the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries saw the development of entirely new cultures stemming from ____________.
(a) The Italian Renaissance and the beginning of the scientific discoveries.
(b) The Baroque Period.
(c) The Medieval Period.
(d) The Northern Renaissance.

2. The first Zionists essentially follow a religion without ____________.
(a) Rules.
(b) A God.
(c) The Son of God.
(d) A religious text.

3. More and more writers and philosophers struggle to develop ideas which might replace ____________.
(a) Islam.
(b) Christianity.
(c) The old religions.
(d) New religions.

4. The original intention of the Zionists was to do ____________.
(a) Provide a spiritual center for the focus of the people of Israel.
(b) Cause chaos among the people of Israel.
(c) Found a Jewish state.
(d) Intimidate the Christians.

5. What approach to religion does Armstrong advocate?
(a) A fundamentalist approach.
(b) The desirability of a compassionate approach to religion.
(c) The rationalistic and literal interpretation of the sacred scripts.
(d) A mystical approach.

6. What removes God from the personal human category to transcend the human attributes?
(a) Mystical traditions.
(b) Unusual traditions.
(c) Fundamental traditions.
(d) Personal traditions.

7. When John Wesley sailed to the New World colony of Georgia in 1735, he was greatly impressed by ____________.
(a) Mormon missionaries.
(b) Buddhist monks.
(c) Franciscan missionaries.
(d) Missionaries from a Moravian sect.

8. Western secularism and the rising dominance of industrialized European countries had a profound effect on ____________.
(a) Politics.
(b) The Muslim religion.
(c) Americans.
(d) The environment.

9. Was the idea of a personal God developed by all three of the monotheistic religions?
(a) No, only the Muslims.
(b) Yes.
(c) No, only the Jews.
(d) No, only the Christians.

10. Why were Jews and Muslims able to accept Darwin's theories?
(a) They do not believe in the creation story.
(b) They do not believe God created all things.
(c) They are less concerned about the discoveries of the origins of life.
(d) They take the creation story literally.

11. Implied in these modifications in the traditional religions and their concepts of God is the notion that ____________.
(a) The way forward might be in a unification of the concept of the deity.
(b) The way forward might be in a separation of the concept of the deity.
(c) The way forward might be in conflicting ideas of the concept of the deity.
(d) The way forward might be in an ending of the concept of the deity.

12. Who was the German philosopher who propounded the liberal ideas of the Enlightenment and paved the way for Judaism to enter the arena of modern Europe?
(a) Baruch Spinoza.
(b) Moses Mendolssohn.
(c) Oskar Schindler.
(d) Max Bruch.

13. The principles of Kabbalism were enunciated in _____________, a text written in 1275 by the Spanish mystic Moses of Leon.
(a) The Kallah.
(b) The Koran.
(c) The Zorba.
(d) The Zohar.

14. The history of the emergence of the Judaic scriptures can be interpreted as ____________.
(a) The refinement and later abandonment of the transpersonal Yahweh.
(b) The refinement and later abandonment of the tribal and personalized Yahweh.
(c) The refinement and later acceptance of the tribal and personalized Yahweh.
(d) The refinement and later acceptance of the transpersonal Yahweh.

15. Darwin's ORIGIN OF THE SPECIES seemed to ____________.
(a) Negate the story of the Creation in Genesis.
(b) Question the story of the Creation in Genesis.
(c) Enhance the story of the Creation in Genesis.
(d) Support the story of the Creation in Genesis.

Short Answer Questions

1. Despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of _____________ and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs, scholars, such as Mulla Sadr (ca 1571-1640), taught a philosophy that fused metaphysics and spirituality.

2. What did Nietzsche teach about the Christian God?

3. The Catholic church distinguished itself when Pope Innocent VIII promulgated a Papal Bull in 1484. What did this start?

4. Christianity attempted to qualify the highly personalized cult of God incarnate by introducing ____________.

5. The Safavids rose up in Iran, and the Moghul Empire emerged ____________.

(see the answer keys)

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