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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the phenomenon which emerged contemporaneously with the rationalization of the Enlightenment?
(a) The "religion of the mind."
(b) The "religion of the soul."
(c) The "religion of the people."
(d) The "religion of the heart."

2. What is an inherent danger in a personal God?
(a) It confuses many adherents of a religion.
(b) It leads to multiple misunderstandings.
(c) It leads adherents of a religion to want to blend with other religions.
(d) It leads adherents of a religion to imbue in the Deity their own prejudices and limitations.

3. Christianity attempted to qualify the highly personalized cult of God incarnate by introducing ____________.
(a) The doctrine of the transpersonal Trinity.
(b) The doctrine of the one and only God.
(c) The doctrine of the impersonal Trinity.
(d) The doctrine of the impersonal God.

4. Who was a Dutch Jew who had become discontented with the ideas in the Torah and joined a group of Gentile freethinkers, which led to his expulsion from the synagogue of Amsterdam?
(a) Max Bruch.
(b) Immanuel Kant.
(c) Moses Mendolssohn.
(d) Baruch Spinoza.

5. The Catholic church distinguished itself when Pope Innocent VIII promulgated a Papal Bull in 1484. What did this start?
(a) The first Holocaust.
(b) The awful witch hunt craze that lasted for two hundred years.
(c) The murder of all infant boys.
(d) The killing of all non-Christians.

6. What did Nietzsche teach about the Christian God?
(a) He needs to change.
(b) He does not understand his people.
(c) He is absurd and "a crime against life."
(d) He is confused.

7. Muslim influence increased in scope as ____________ gained hold in Asia Minor.
(a) The Persians.
(b) The Ottoman Turks.
(c) The Romans.
(d) The Franks.

8. Darwin's ORIGIN OF THE SPECIES seemed to ____________.
(a) Question the story of the Creation in Genesis.
(b) Enhance the story of the Creation in Genesis.
(c) Support the story of the Creation in Genesis.
(d) Negate the story of the Creation in Genesis.

9. In the same spirit of tolerance and acceptance, what formed an important part of policies of the Moghul emperor in 1560?
(a) Muslim sects.
(b) Muslim customs.
(c) Muslim beliefs.
(d) Non-Muslim religions.

10. In other parts of the Muslim Empire, the Mongol invasion led to ____________.
(a) A resurgence of conservatism.
(b) An end to the Muslim Empire.
(c) An end to conservatism.
(d) A resurgence of liberalism.

11. Despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of _____________ and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs, scholars, such as Mulla Sadr (ca 1571-1640), taught a philosophy that fused metaphysics and spirituality.
(a) The Shari laws.
(b) The Messiah laws.
(c) The Muslim laws.
(d) The Shariah laws.

12. By 1492, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain had fallen to ____________.
(a) The Christian forces of Ferdinand and Isabella.
(b) The Christian forces of Constantine.
(c) The Christian forces of Franz Ferdinand.
(d) The Christian forces of Pope John Paul.

13. The scientific work of Charles Darwin and the writings of Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud led to the conclusion that ____________.
(a) The traditional religions were blasphemous.
(b) The traditional religions were now inadequate.
(c) The traditional religions were completely inaccurate.
(d) The traditional religions were correct.

14. Kabbalists used _______________ between the essence of God and the God who is revealed by the reality of creation.
(a) The Vedic and Neoplatonic distinction.
(b) The Gnostic and Neoplatonic distinction.
(c) The Vedic and Neopolitan distinction.
(d) The Gnostic and Neoclassical distinction.

15. The original intention of the Zionists was to do ____________.
(a) Cause chaos among the people of Israel.
(b) Intimidate the Christians.
(c) Provide a spiritual center for the focus of the people of Israel.
(d) Found a Jewish state.

Short Answer Questions

1. By the end of ____________century, there was a widespread belief among most modern societies that humankind could exert control over the natural world and replace the old sanctities with fresh and new ideas?

2. What does Armstrong notice is happening to the churches in Europe?

3. How did the teachings of the Northern European mystics affect the religious establishment?

4. In 1626, a wealthy Sephardic Jew in Symrna, called Shabbetai Zevi, started a movement in which he declared ____________.

5. Advances in Western science led to ____________.

(see the answer keys)

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