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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Hart see international law until basic rules of recognition are formulated?
(a) As unbinding laws.
(b) As stepping stone toward a global law system.
(c) As a transition system to secondary rules.
(d) As undetermined laws.

2. What cannot be given for everything?
(a) Access to custom laws.
(b) Individual directions.
(c) Group directions
(d) Primary laws.

3. What is there not of between determinate rules and rule skepticism?
(a) Convergence.
(b) Difference.
(c) Pure dichotomy.
(d) Similarities.

4. What do natural laws assume men have a limited amount of?
(a) Understanding.
(b) Altruism.
(c) Integrity.
(d) Love.

5. What is used to blame people who offend on morality?
(a) Ostracism.
(b) Physical pain.
(c) Fines.
(d) Prison.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Austin claim international law is not binding?

2. What does Hart cite counterexamples of concerning international obligations?

3. What can judges statement be because of their external point of view?

4. What does Hart oppose to legal rules?

5. What do not apply to the ultimate rules?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened when secondary rules of recognition were accepted according to Chapter 6?

2. What are the two problems that arise?

3. What are the two parts of justice?

4. How could the ultimate rule of recognition be recognized?

5. What does international law seem to have in Chapter 10?

6. What does sovereignty denote?

7. What is often indeterminate?

8. What was not enough?

9. What ambiguity did Hart discuss?

10. What issue does Hart raise about judicial decisions?

(see the answer keys)

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