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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. As what do his views become known?

2. He extols the virtue of the ruler as what for the populace?

3. In what do plebeians have more faith?

4. The third involves the restructuring of Italian what?

5. Augustine, like Paul, is also concerned with the role of _______________ in Christianity.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does the populace accept Augustus?

2. What is the purpose of this chapter?

3. Why have historians tended to downplay the role of freedom during this time period?

4. What has happened to society by the medieval times?

5. What is the relationship between church and state at the end of the Middle Ages?

6. What happens when Christianity appears?

7. Describe the Roman economy and society.

8. How does Augustus influence the interpretations of freedom?

9. What is Reformist Stoicism?

10. What is Paul's role in shaping Christianity?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Western concept of freedom arises from slavery is the basis for the greatness of Western civilization.

Part 1) What is the role of slavery in the development of freedom?

Part 2) Why is it important that slavery have a role in the Western world's concept of freedom?

Part 3) Could our concept of freedom have existed without slavery? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Freedom as a value did not develop universally.

Part 1) Why did it not develop universally? Is this surprising to you? Why or why not?

Part 2) How did freedom develop as a value? Why did it develop this way?

Part 3) How is this value reflected in the various forms of government in existence today?

Essay Topic 3

By medieval times, Europe makes the transition from slavery to serfdom.

Part 1) Compare slavery to serfdom. Why does the end of the Roman Empire not end slavery?

Part 2) Why do historians down play the role of freedom during this period of time?

Part 3) Who controls freedom at this time? How do people at this time think of freedom? Why?

(see the answer keys)

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