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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What percentage of surgeries in the late 19th century ended in death?

2. What did the police often do with offending boys in the late 1800s?

3. What happened in a famous case in 1870 involving students and their teacher?

4. How were the boilers a danger to the ferries according to Bettmann in "Travel"?

5. What was one effective way to fight disease carried by ships into New York Harbor?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the late 1800s, why was the public pessimistic about the growing street crime in the cities?

2. In the late 19th century, how did city doctors often do more harm than good to their patients?

3. According to Bettmann in "Travel," how were the below-deck boilers a danger to ferry travelers?

4. Why were many young men suspicious of and disrespectful of the law in the post Civil War era?

5. How was milk treated for consumers when it has been contaminated or spoiled?

6. How did alcohol affect families on the frontier?

7. How did the lack of medical advances affect the population of the post Civil War era?

8. What were doctors on the frontier like, and what were the primary diseases that ravaged the country populations?

9. Why were the some ocean liners nicknamed "fever ships" and "floating coffins"?

10. Why didn't people turn to vegetables given the state of the meat industry?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Looking back to the late 1800s, it's hard to believe how unsafe and unjust living in America could be. Yet we can also see that the American government, with its regulations and programs really brought America into a safer world with things like the FDA, housing regulations, etc. How would you argue these benefits with someone who think all forms of government infringement is bad or wrong? Provide examples of how the government has helped America to become a stronger and safer place.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the many ways that milk was adulterated for profit in the late 1800s. What was "swill milk"? How does it make you feel about buying milk today?

Essay Topic 3

Is education a right or a privilege? Or both? Provide examples to support your position.

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