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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the late 1800s, how did city politics affect the criminal justice system?

2. According to Bettmann in "Food and Drink," the frontier diet was dominated by what single food?

3. According to Bettmann in "Crime," how did juvenile delinquency affect the large cities?

4. On the frontier in the late 1800s, what was the homemade liquor called?

5. What percentage of surgeries in the late 19th century ended in death?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the late 19th century, how did the lack of a meat-packing industry affect the quality of meat that was available to the general public?

2. In the late 1800s, what was the most effective way to fight diseases coming to America by ship?

3. In the late 1800s, why were the police not much help in the fight against crime?

4. How did alcohol affect families on the frontier?

5. After the Civil War, how effective were the hospitals at helping the sick and infirm?

6. What teaching methods were emphasized by many teachers in the late 1800s?

7. Why were the some ocean liners nicknamed "fever ships" and "floating coffins"?

8. What type of education did blacks receive during the post Civil War era?

9. How did the lack of medical advances affect the population of the post Civil War era?

10. How was drug addiction so rampant in the average population in the late 1800s?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the addition of the railways to the American cities in the late 1800s. How did the railways hurt or help the traffic problems? Do you think the problems caused by the railroads were outweighed by the benefits? Cite examples from the book to support your position.

Essay Topic 2

Describe the prisons in the late 1800s. What was their sole purpose? How were prisoners treated? Which prisoners were treated the worst? Compare that with the prisons of today.

Essay Topic 3

Compare the tactics used by the police in the form of "protection" or "non-harassment" fees in the late 1800s to tactics later used by the organized mafia. Are they similar? Different? Provide examples.

(see the answer keys)

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