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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Bettmann, what was the homemade frontier liquor made from?

2. The "protection" and "non-harassment" fees of the police in the late 19th century were a precursor to what later crime force?

3. Who ran the hospitals of the late 1800s?

4. In the late 1800s, how did the poor immigrants cross the ocean?

5. What was the biggest problem with the police in the post Civil War era?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the late 19th century, how did ocean liner travel exemplify the differences in travel for the rich and travel for the poor?

2. What was the extent of the prostitution industry in New York City in the late 19th century?

3. What one food was the frontier diet staple?

4. How did teachers fight the lack of discipline in the schoolroom in the late 1800s?

5. Why were the some ocean liners nicknamed "fever ships" and "floating coffins"?

6. In the late 1800s, why were the police not much help in the fight against crime?

7. According to Bettmann in "Travel," how were the below-deck boilers a danger to ferry travelers?

8. What teaching methods were emphasized by many teachers in the late 1800s?

9. How were criminals treated in the prisons in the late 1800s?

10. What were the ventilation problems associated with train travel in the late 19th century?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the addition of the railways to the American cities in the late 1800s. How did the railways hurt or help the traffic problems? Do you think the problems caused by the railroads were outweighed by the benefits? Cite examples from the book to support your position.

Essay Topic 2

Describe the prisons in the late 1800s. What was their sole purpose? How were prisoners treated? Which prisoners were treated the worst? Compare that with the prisons of today.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the diet of the frontiersmen with the city dweller's diet in the late 19th century. Was one worse than the other? Provide examples to support your argument.

(see the answer keys)

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