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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Education in the rural setting in the late 19th century was considered to be:

2. In the late 1800s, how did city politics affect the criminal justice system?

3. How was meat transported in the late 1800s?

4. What was blamed for the cholera epidemic in 1832?

5. Surprisingly, who usually had no knowledge of health or medicine in the late 19th century?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did teachers fight the lack of discipline in the schoolroom in the late 1800s?

2. How were criminals treated in the prisons in the late 1800s?

3. What one food was the frontier diet staple?

4. How did city politicians add to the crime problem?

5. What was "bogus butter"?

6. According to Bettmann in "Travel," how were the below-deck boilers a danger to ferry travelers?

7. How was drug addiction so rampant in the average population in the late 1800s?

8. Why didn't people turn to vegetables given the state of the meat industry?

9. What was the extent of the prostitution industry in New York City in the late 19th century?

10. After the Civil War, how effective were the hospitals at helping the sick and infirm?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did fear and the relative lawlessness of the open prairie play into the minds of homesteaders? What were some of the threats that homesteaders had to worry about?

Essay Topic 2

Explain why child labor in the late 19th century was so popular. Why did employers like to employ children? Were children given special consideration by employees? How did many parents feel about their children working at such an early age? What types of jobs were popular for children?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the medical training that doctors received in the post Civil War era. What is a "diploma-mill" school? Who profited from such institutions? Contrast those schools with the medical schools of today.

(see the answer keys)

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