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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When was opium introduced?
(a) In the 1850s.
(b) 1845.
(c) As early as 1862.
(d) As early as 1840.

2. In the late 1800s, why would a cop be encouraged to beat up a perpetrator?
(a) Violence was the only control they had.
(b) To have something to show in court.
(c) They were awarded for violence.
(d) Self defense.

3. Who ran the hospitals of the late 1800s?
(a) Universities.
(b) The medical schools.
(c) The city.
(d) Religious institutions.

4. In the late 1800s, why was street crime so rampant in the large cities at night?
(a) The were few alternatives to keep criminals off the streets.
(b) People were not careful and were easy targets.
(c) The police did not patrol at night.
(d) Streets were poorly lit.

5. Which part of the population got to enjoy the luxuries of ocean liners in the late 19th century?
(a) Politicians.
(b) Immigrants.
(c) The rich.
(d) Foreign dignitaries.

6. What was the primary cause of surgical deaths after the Civil War?
(a) Ineptitude.
(b) Lack of anesthesia.
(c) Infection.
(d) Heart attack.

7. What was a chief concern with train travel in the late 1800s?
(a) Overcrowding.
(b) Personal safety.
(c) Being on schedule.
(d) Lost luggage.

8. How were the prisoners in the prison system treated in the post Civil War era?
(a) Much as prisoners today are treated.
(b) Although incarcerated they were treated with respect.
(c) They were treated according to their crimes.
(d) Like subhuman species.

9. What was one common agonizing disease that continued to break out in the South after the Civil War?
(a) Yellow Fever.
(b) Leprosy
(c) Cholera.
(d) Influenza.

10. What prognosis did alcoholism usually carry in the late 19th century?
(a) Blood disease.
(b) Mental Illness.
(c) Liver disease.
(d) Early death.

11. According to Bettmann in "Food and Drink," the frontier diet was dominated by what single food?
(a) Beef.
(b) Pork.
(c) Corn.
(d) Wheat.

12. What was a huge problem for city schools in the post Civil War era?
(a) Crime.
(b) Overpopulation.
(c) Lack of funding.
(d) Teacher turnover.

13. What was Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall?
(a) A corrupt political crime ring.
(b) A country-western song.
(c) Two famous New York cops.
(d) An infamous night club known for illegal trafficking.

14. In the late 1800s, how was milk treated when it had spoiled?
(a) It was thrown away.
(b) It was given to the homeless.
(c) It was colored with chalk or plaster of paris.
(d) It was used to make yogurt.

15. How were the prostitution laws enforced in New York City in the late 19th century?
(a) Only loosely.
(b) Regularly and vigorously.
(c) They were only enforced in certain areas of the city.
(d) They were ignored entirely.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Bettmann in "Food and Drink," what percentage of people in prison were alcoholics?

2. How was meat transported in the late 1800s?

3. What other problems did city schools face in the post Civil War era?

4. According to Bettmann in "Travel," what was often the result of an open-window train car?

5. What was one effective way to fight disease carried by ships into New York Harbor?

(see the answer keys)

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