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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What area in New York City had an abundance of industrial factories in the early 19th century ?

2. In "Air," what was a common misconception about air pollution?

3. What does Bettmann say street car riders in the late 1800s were encouraged to bring along on their ride?

4. The weather was often an obstacle for what mode of transportation in the large cities after the Civil War?

5. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Bettman in "Air," how did the lack of a sanitation department contribute to the problem of filth and stench in the cities?

2. What was New York's shantytown, and who lived there in the late 19th century?

3. What was the El Train, and what was it's purpose when it was introduced in 1868?

4. In the late 1800s, were strikes an effective way to handle grievances by workers?

5. What was pollution misunderstood to be in the time after the Civil War?

6. How did winter pose a health hazard on the frontier?

7. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

8. How did the apartments of the late 1800s often turn into death traps for its occupants?

9. How did many farmers on the frontier become financially in debt?

10. According to the chapter "Air," what were some of the problems with using a streetcar for transportation?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain why child labor in the late 19th century was so popular. Why did employers like to employ children? Were children given special consideration by employees? How did many parents feel about their children working at such an early age? What types of jobs were popular for children?

Essay Topic 2

Looking back to the late 1800s, it's hard to believe how unsafe and unjust living in America could be. Yet we can also see that the American government, with its regulations and programs really brought America into a safer world with things like the FDA, housing regulations, etc. How would you argue these benefits with someone who think all forms of government infringement is bad or wrong? Provide examples of how the government has helped America to become a stronger and safer place.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the stark differences in travel for the poor and the rich on the ocean liners of the late 19th century. What was travel on these vast ships like for the rich? In contrast, discuss the "steerage" option for the poor. Provide specific examples.

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This section contains 798 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample