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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kind of education did a teacher have to have in the late 1800s?
(a) A Bachelor's degree.
(b) A Master's degree.
(c) Not even a diploma.
(d) A Teaching certificate.

2. How were medical advances defined during the Victorian period?
(a) They were considered a boom during this time.
(b) Medical advances were few but very helpful.
(c) Medical breakthroughs were common.
(d) They did not keep pace with technological advances.

3. What was one common agonizing disease that continued to break out in the South after the Civil War?
(a) Cholera.
(b) Yellow Fever.
(c) Leprosy
(d) Influenza.

4. What was the primary cause of surgical deaths after the Civil War?
(a) Infection.
(b) Heart attack.
(c) Lack of anesthesia.
(d) Ineptitude.

5. What could the Pullman sleeping car in the late 19th century be compared to?
(a) Sleeping in a sardine can.
(b) Sleeping in a cattle car.
(c) Sleeping standing up.
(d) The luxuries of an ocean liner.

Short Answer Questions

1. Between 1860 and 1890, how much did the crime rate go up?

2. What was a chief concern with train travel in the late 1800s?

3. According to Bettmann in "Health," how was insanity regarded?

4. The "protection" and "non-harassment" fees of the police in the late 19th century were a precursor to what later crime force?

5. Why were ferry accidents in the late 1800s common?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the ventilation problems associated with train travel in the late 19th century?

2. According to Bettmann in "Travel," how were the below-deck boilers a danger to ferry travelers?

3. How did the lack of medical advances affect the population of the post Civil War era?

4. In the late 19th century, how did city doctors often do more harm than good to their patients?

5. After the Civil War, how effective were the hospitals at helping the sick and infirm?

6. What were doctors on the frontier like, and what were the primary diseases that ravaged the country populations?

7. Why were the some ocean liners nicknamed "fever ships" and "floating coffins"?

8. In the late 1800s, what was the most effective way to fight diseases coming to America by ship?

9. In the late 1800s, why were the police not much help in the fight against crime?

10. What was "bogus butter"?

(see the answer keys)

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