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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Bettmann in "Travel," what was often the result of an open-window train car?
(a) Passengers suffered from insect bites.
(b) Passengers were crime victims at railway stations.
(c) Occupants would choke on smoke from the engine.
(d) Passengers would freeze.

2. How did prostitution rings prosper in New York in the late 1800s?
(a) Under "police protection."
(b) They were largely ignored.
(c) They had legitimate businesses as "fronts."
(d) They were entirely underground.

3. What was a huge problem for city schools in the post Civil War era?
(a) Teacher turnover.
(b) Lack of funding.
(c) Overpopulation.
(d) Crime.

4. What did teaching methods of the late 19th century emphasize?
(a) Recitation and obedience.
(b) How to learn a craft.
(c) Memorization of dull facts.
(d) Skill mastery.

5. How did people know when a ship in the late 19th century was infected with disease?
(a) The ship radioed ahead.
(b) The ship came into the harbor but did not anchor.
(c) The ship flew a yellow flag.
(d) The captain ran ashore with the news.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the late 1800s, why would a cop be encouraged to beat up a perpetrator?

2. Who were the frontier drunkards in the late 19th century?

3. Why did meat deteriorate so quickly in the late 1800s?

4. How did the gun laws after the Civil War compound the problem?

5. Why were foods manipulated with foreign ingredients in the late 19th century?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was milk treated for consumers when it has been contaminated or spoiled?

2. What were some of the characteristics of the one-room schoolhouses on the prairie?

3. According to Bettmann in "Travel," how were the below-deck boilers a danger to ferry travelers?

4. How did teachers fight the lack of discipline in the schoolroom in the late 1800s?

5. In the late 19th century, how did ocean liner travel exemplify the differences in travel for the rich and travel for the poor?

6. In the late 19th century, how did city doctors often do more harm than good to their patients?

7. Why were the some ocean liners nicknamed "fever ships" and "floating coffins"?

8. What were doctors on the frontier like, and what were the primary diseases that ravaged the country populations?

9. In the late 19th century, how did the lack of a meat-packing industry affect the quality of meat that was available to the general public?

10. What was "bogus butter"?

(see the answer keys)

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