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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the late 1800s, how did city politics affect the criminal justice system?
(a) The judges often did not cooperate with the politicians.
(b) Many crimes went unprosecuted.
(c) City politicians were extra tough on crime.
(d) Even the judges were corrupt and could be bought.

2. When was opium introduced?
(a) In the 1850s.
(b) 1845.
(c) As early as 1862.
(d) As early as 1840.

3. What was Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall?
(a) A country-western song.
(b) Two famous New York cops.
(c) An infamous night club known for illegal trafficking.
(d) A corrupt political crime ring.

4. How was meat transported in the late 1800s?
(a) In refrigerated trucks.
(b) Packaged in refrigerated rail cars.
(c) Live, on rail.
(d) Packaged and delivered by the meat-packers.

5. What was a chief problem of the lower decks of an ocean liner?
(a) Leaks.
(b) Improper lighting.
(c) Not enough beds.
(d) Lack of proper ventilation.

Short Answer Questions

1. How were the boilers a danger to the ferries according to Bettmann in "Travel"?

2. How were the prostitution laws enforced in New York City in the late 19th century?

3. According to Bettmann, what was the homemade frontier liquor made from?

4. According to Bettmann in "Health," medical colleges were designed primarily to do what?

5. Education in the rural setting in the late 19th century was considered to be:

Short Essay Questions

1. Why didn't people turn to vegetables given the state of the meat industry?

2. How did city politicians add to the crime problem?

3. According to Bettmann in "Travel," how were the below-deck boilers a danger to ferry travelers?

4. What was "bogus butter"?

5. What was the extent of the prostitution industry in New York City in the late 19th century?

6. How did the lack of medical advances affect the population of the post Civil War era?

7. How did teachers fight the lack of discipline in the schoolroom in the late 1800s?

8. In the late 1800s, why was the public pessimistic about the growing street crime in the cities?

9. How were criminals treated in the prisons in the late 1800s?

10. How did alcohol affect families on the frontier?

(see the answer keys)

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