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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why, does Bettmann explain, were pigs tolerated in the cities?
(a) They ate garbage.
(b) They were inexpensive to keep.
(c) They provided good food.
(d) They made good pets.

2. In the time after the Civil War, humans generated an amazing amount of:
(a) Trash.
(b) Offspring.
(c) Ingenuity.
(d) Textiles.

3. How were on-the-job accidents dealt with in the late 1800s?
(a) Workers were treated on site.
(b) They were ignored.
(c) With a letter of apology.
(d) With pay compensation.

4. According to the chapter "Work," why were children sought after as employees?
(a) They worked faster.
(b) They were more obedient and cheaper than adults.
(c) They took up less space.
(d) They ate less.

5. What work did an ancient stove require on the frontier?
(a) Constant feeding of wood.
(b) Use of hard to find coals.
(c) Scrubbing the inside of the stove.
(d) Maintaining the stovepipe.

6. How many labor laws were there during the 19th century?
(a) Fourteen.
(b) A few.
(c) Zero.
(d) Ten.

7. What was one initial problem with the electric trolley car?
(a) It broke down often.
(b) It competed with the horse-drawn streetcars for space.
(c) It didn't hold enough people.
(d) It was way too slow.

8. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?
(a) Park Place.
(b) Lakeside Apartments.
(c) Stuyvesant Apartments.
(d) The New Yorker.

9. Who was A.T. Stewart?
(a) Newspaper mogel.
(b) Railroad tycoon.
(c) Sweatshop owner.
(d) Steel mill owner.

10. Why did farmers in the 1880s have to mortgage their land?
(a) Debt.
(b) Drought.
(c) Pestilence.
(d) No crops.

11. To some, the time between the end of the Civil War and the early 1900s was known as what?
(a) "The Good Old Days."
(b) "Post War Era."
(c) "Hard luck times."
(d) "The Wild West Era."

12. What kind of work did the young rural girls often find in the cities in the late 1800s?
(a) Selling door to door.
(b) In the sweatshops.
(c) No work was to be found.
(d) Servant help.

13. According to Bettmann in the chapter "Air," what did some people think air pollution was a good sign of?
(a) Wind currents.
(b) Industry.
(c) Health.
(d) Luck.

14. When the railroads came to a town after the Civil War, where were they placed?
(a) They were usually run through the industrial areas.
(b) They went straight through the towns.
(c) They were run on the outskirts of town.
(d) They were placed a minimum of one mile from any residential area.

15. In 1890, what was the ratio of railroad workers to work-related deaths?
(a) 1 out of 360.
(b) 1 out of 65.
(c) 1 out of 1000.
(d) 1 out of 600.

Short Answer Questions

1. The weather was often an obstacle for what mode of transportation in the large cities after the Civil War?

2. Which industry featured the most brutal conditions for time and wages in the late 1800s?

3. Women on the frontier in the late 1800s also endured the hard work of what daily chore?

4. What major problem did window screening help with in the late 1800s?

5. What did Richard M. Hunt develop to help with overcrowding and the housing shortage?

(see the answer keys)

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