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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was a major contributor to the contamination and disease in the wells in the late 19th century?
(a) Typhoid epidemic.
(b) Misunderstanding of germs.
(c) Food left out.
(d) Drainage from the outhouse.

2. Before cars, what was the main source of transportation in the late 1800s?
(a) Bicycles.
(b) Subways.
(c) Horses.
(d) Walking.

3. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?
(a) Stuyvesant Apartments.
(b) Lakeside Apartments.
(c) Park Place.
(d) The New Yorker.

4. In the late 19th century on the frontier, what was a child's formal education considered to be?
(a) Not needed after the age of eight.
(b) Of the highest priority.
(c) Totally unnecessary.
(d) Secondary to the needs of the family farm.

5. What percentage of a working man's income did streetcar fares account for?
(a) Ten percent.
(b) Two percent.
(c) Twenty percent.
(d) Five percent.

6. Why, does Bettmann explain, were pigs tolerated in the cities?
(a) They ate garbage.
(b) They provided good food.
(c) They were inexpensive to keep.
(d) They made good pets.

7. In what year was the El Train introduced?
(a) 1870.
(b) 1898.
(c) 1868.
(d) 1902.

8. What was the original purpose of the El Train?
(a) To replace the horse and cart.
(b) To relieve massive overcrowding.
(c) To show off new technology.
(d) To improve commute times.

9. Wind as well as the heat of summer exacerbated what problem in the large cities after the Civil War?
(a) The constant putrid stench.
(b) The health problems of the animals.
(c) Overcrowding.
(d) The dark smoke emitting from the factories.

10. In the late 1800s, who was it that posed a threat to those on the frontier and instilled a sense of fear?
(a) Train robbers.
(b) Runaways.
(c) Cattle thieves.
(d) Tramps and various vagrants.

11. After the Civil War, how did the isolation of the endless prairie affect many homesteaders?
(a) It led to depression.
(b) It caused people to have large families.
(c) It led to several trips a year to the cities.
(d) It caused people to live in groups.

12. According to Bettmann in "Air," one observer called the worst New York industrial area a:
(a) "Nasal Disaster."
(b) "Industrial wasteland."
(c) "Heart of the New Economy."
(d) "Smog City."

13. What major problem did window screening help with in the late 1800s?
(a) Privacy.
(b) Drafts.
(c) Light control.
(d) Insects.

14. In New York after the Civil War, in what area was the greatest contrast between rich and poor seen?
(a) Job security.
(b) Clothing.
(c) Family size.
(d) Housing.

15. Where was the El Train introduced?
(a) Chicago.
(b) Boston.
(c) New York.
(d) Atlanta.

Short Answer Questions

1. How were on-the-job accidents dealt with in the late 1800s?

2. In the time after the Civil War, air pollution was:

3. In 1890, what was the ratio of railroad workers to work-related deaths?

4. According to Bettmann in "Housing," where did poorer residents end up who could not afford tenements?

5. What problems did the railroads add to any town in the late 1800s?

(see the answer keys)

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