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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How were on-the-job accidents dealt with in the late 1800s?
(a) They were ignored.
(b) With a letter of apology.
(c) Workers were treated on site.
(d) With pay compensation.

2. How many labor laws were there during the 19th century?
(a) Fourteen.
(b) A few.
(c) Zero.
(d) Ten.

3. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?
(a) Pigs and horses.
(b) Horses and chickens.
(c) Horses and cows.
(d) Chickens and pigs.

4. What danger did many industrial laborers face in the latter part of the 19th century?
(a) Unsafe working equipment.
(b) Toxic inhalants.
(c) Lack of medical benefits.
(d) Fire hazards.

5. According to Bettmann in "Housing," how did apartments turn into vertical versions of tenements?
(a) Cruel landlords.
(b) Shoddy construction practices.
(c) Noxious air indoors.
(d) Animals indoors were commonplace.

6. What was the biggest safety threat in the vertical apartments in the late 1800s?
(a) Fire.
(b) Earthquakes.
(c) Unsafe water.
(d) Lead poisoning.

7. To some, the time between the end of the Civil War and the early 1900s was known as what?
(a) "Post War Era."
(b) "Hard luck times."
(c) "The Good Old Days."
(d) "The Wild West Era."

8. What was the original purpose of the El Train?
(a) To improve commute times.
(b) To relieve massive overcrowding.
(c) To replace the horse and cart.
(d) To show off new technology.

9. Just like their male counterparts, frontier women after the Civil War endured:
(a) Small town life.
(b) Lack of voting rights.
(c) Harsh weather.
(d) Back-breaking labor.

10. How did Stewart keep as many employees working at one time as possible?
(a) He kept his machines in great working order.
(b) With inadequate bathroom facilities.
(c) He hired more than he needed.
(d) He hired men to stand over them.

11. What percentage of a working man's income did streetcar fares account for?
(a) Five percent.
(b) Twenty percent.
(c) Two percent.
(d) Ten percent.

12. Due to a lack of a sanitation department in the late 1800s, many streets in the large American cities were lined with what?
(a) Animals.
(b) Filth.
(c) Trash bins.
(d) People living on the streets.

13. Providing the reader with a truer understanding of the late 1800s, Bettmann demonstrated:
(a) The large amounts of progress our civilization has made.
(b) How the days from the Civil War to WWI were key to the development of our nation.
(c) Why we should long for those simpler days.
(d) How the Civil War improved our economy.

14. In the era after the Civil War, what was the most dangerous sweatshop activity?
(a) Loom operation.
(b) Sewing.
(c) Tobacco stripping.
(d) Cotton weaving.

15. According to Bettmann in the chapter "Air," what did some people think air pollution was a good sign of?
(a) Health.
(b) Luck.
(c) Industry.
(d) Wind currents.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the time after the Civil War, air pollution was:

2. In 1890, what was the ratio of railroad workers to work-related deaths?

3. What did Richard M. Hunt develop to help with overcrowding and the housing shortage?

4. According to the chapter "Work," why were children sought after as employees?

5. How did parents react to child labor in the late 1800s?

(see the answer keys)

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