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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what year was the El Train introduced?
(a) 1898.
(b) 1870.
(c) 1902.
(d) 1868.

2. In the late 19th century, at what age were most workers forced to stop working due to health problems?
(a) Fifty.
(b) Fifty-five.
(c) Forty-five.
(d) Forty.

3. Just like their male counterparts, frontier women after the Civil War endured:
(a) Small town life.
(b) Lack of voting rights.
(c) Harsh weather.
(d) Back-breaking labor.

4. Where were the first apartments constructed?
(a) Chicago.
(b) New York City.
(c) Los Angeles.
(d) Philadelphia.

5. What was the original purpose of the El Train?
(a) To relieve massive overcrowding.
(b) To improve commute times.
(c) To show off new technology.
(d) To replace the horse and cart.

6. Women on the frontier in the late 1800s also endured the hard work of what daily chore?
(a) Chicken care.
(b) Cooking.
(c) Sewing.
(d) Laundry.

7. According to Bettmann in "Air," many people were cramped together in windowless rooms in the tenements during the summer, causing:
(a) Landlords to lower rents.
(b) An increase in determination to succeed in the working class.
(c) Heat stroke and dehydration.
(d) Many people to flee the cities.

8. According to Bettmann, what kind of wage did Stewart award his workers?
(a) $3 a week.
(b) $3 per month.
(c) $3 an hour.
(d) $3 a day.

9. What problem did profit motives lead to for street car riders in the late 1800s?
(a) Lack of upkeep on the lines.
(b) Massive overcrowding.
(c) Routes that were not expanded as the city expanded.
(d) Unsafe vehicles.

10. How did Stewart keep as many employees working at one time as possible?
(a) He hired more than he needed.
(b) He kept his machines in great working order.
(c) With inadequate bathroom facilities.
(d) He hired men to stand over them.

11. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?
(a) Chickens and pigs.
(b) Horses and cows.
(c) Horses and chickens.
(d) Pigs and horses.

12. The air quality in homes was dangerous in the late 1800s because of:
(a) Animals that were kept indoors.
(b) High temperatures from the heat outside.
(c) Sewer gas from primitive drainage systems.
(d) The smog would get trapped inside.

13. Why, does Bettmann explain, were pigs tolerated in the cities?
(a) They made good pets.
(b) They ate garbage.
(c) They were inexpensive to keep.
(d) They provided good food.

14. Traffic in the large American cities in the late 1800s was:
(a) Not too bad if you had a map.
(b) Horrendous.
(c) Light.
(d) Easy.

15. What major problem did window screening help with in the late 1800s?
(a) Insects.
(b) Privacy.
(c) Light control.
(d) Drafts.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Bettmann in "Rural Life," why would many young girls leave the country for the promise of the city?

2. Before cars, what was the main source of transportation in the late 1800s?

3. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?

4. According to Bettman in "Traffic," in what city was a record 330 crossing-grade deaths in one year?

5. In 1890, what was the ratio of railroad workers to work-related deaths?

(see the answer keys)

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