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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What major problem did window screening help with in the late 1800s?
(a) Privacy.
(b) Light control.
(c) Drafts.
(d) Insects.

2. Providing the reader with a truer understanding of the late 1800s, Bettmann demonstrated:
(a) The large amounts of progress our civilization has made.
(b) How the days from the Civil War to WWI were key to the development of our nation.
(c) Why we should long for those simpler days.
(d) How the Civil War improved our economy.

3. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?
(a) Pigs and horses.
(b) Horses and cows.
(c) Chickens and pigs.
(d) Horses and chickens.

4. How did most landlords treat their tenants in the late 1800s?
(a) With unfair cruelty.
(b) With a hands-off policy.
(c) With reasonable rents.
(d) Landlords kept their places nice for good tenants.

5. Before cars, what was the main source of transportation in the late 1800s?
(a) Bicycles.
(b) Walking.
(c) Horses.
(d) Subways.

6. Where were the first apartments constructed?
(a) New York City.
(b) Philadelphia.
(c) Los Angeles.
(d) Chicago.

7. Who were most of the shantytown residents in the late 1800s?
(a) Runaways.
(b) Newly-arrived immigrants.
(c) African-Americans.
(d) People displaced by their landlords.

8. Wind as well as the heat of summer exacerbated what problem in the large cities after the Civil War?
(a) The dark smoke emitting from the factories.
(b) The constant putrid stench.
(c) Overcrowding.
(d) The health problems of the animals.

9. According to Bettmann, what kind of wage did Stewart award his workers?
(a) $3 an hour.
(b) $3 per month.
(c) $3 a day.
(d) $3 a week.

10. In the time after the Civil War, humans generated an amazing amount of:
(a) Trash.
(b) Offspring.
(c) Textiles.
(d) Ingenuity.

11. According to Bettmann in "Housing," how did apartments turn into vertical versions of tenements?
(a) Animals indoors were commonplace.
(b) Cruel landlords.
(c) Noxious air indoors.
(d) Shoddy construction practices.

12. What danger did many industrial laborers face in the latter part of the 19th century?
(a) Unsafe working equipment.
(b) Lack of medical benefits.
(c) Toxic inhalants.
(d) Fire hazards.

13. What was a major contributor to the contamination and disease in the wells in the late 19th century?
(a) Typhoid epidemic.
(b) Food left out.
(c) Drainage from the outhouse.
(d) Misunderstanding of germs.

14. What kind of work did the young rural girls often find in the cities in the late 1800s?
(a) Selling door to door.
(b) Servant help.
(c) In the sweatshops.
(d) No work was to be found.

15. After the Civil War, how did the isolation of the endless prairie affect many homesteaders?
(a) It caused people to live in groups.
(b) It led to depression.
(c) It caused people to have large families.
(d) It led to several trips a year to the cities.

Short Answer Questions

1. What problem did profit motives lead to for street car riders in the late 1800s?

2. What was a popular type of big city housing during the late 1800s?

3. According to Bettmann in "Housing," why did people keep their windows closed even in the heat of summer?

4. According to Bettmann in "Work," in cases of a worker's death the courts ruled with the employers, calling the death:

5. What did overpopulation in the big cities mean for the tenants in the late 1800s?

(see the answer keys)

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