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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After the Civil War, how did the isolation of the endless prairie affect many homesteaders?
(a) It led to depression.
(b) It led to several trips a year to the cities.
(c) It caused people to have large families.
(d) It caused people to live in groups.

2. Where were the first apartments constructed?
(a) Philadelphia.
(b) Chicago.
(c) Los Angeles.
(d) New York City.

3. What was a major contributor to the contamination and disease in the wells in the late 19th century?
(a) Misunderstanding of germs.
(b) Typhoid epidemic.
(c) Drainage from the outhouse.
(d) Food left out.

4. In what decade was window screening introduced?
(a) 1900s.
(b) 1890s.
(c) 1880s.
(d) 1870s.

5. In what year was the electric trolley car introduced?
(a) 1868.
(b) 1897.
(c) 1887.
(d) 1888.

6. Just like their male counterparts, frontier women after the Civil War endured:
(a) Harsh weather.
(b) Small town life.
(c) Back-breaking labor.
(d) Lack of voting rights.

7. Why did tenants in the late 1800s have such big problems when it came to housing in the big cities?
(a) A lease was seldom renewed.
(b) They had no laws to protect them.
(c) There was too much housing to chose from.
(d) Landlords did not allow animals.

8. In 1890, what was the ratio of railroad workers to work-related deaths?
(a) 1 out of 600.
(b) 1 out of 360.
(c) 1 out of 65.
(d) 1 out of 1000.

9. In the time after the Civil War, air pollution was:
(a) Not understood.
(b) Only a problem in the South.
(c) Not a problem.
(d) Much less than it was before the Civil War.

10. What percentage of a working man's income did streetcar fares account for?
(a) Five percent.
(b) Two percent.
(c) Ten percent.
(d) Twenty percent.

11. What kind of work did the young rural girls often find in the cities in the late 1800s?
(a) In the sweatshops.
(b) No work was to be found.
(c) Selling door to door.
(d) Servant help.

12. What area in New York City had an abundance of industrial factories in the early 19th century ?
(a) Lower East side.
(b) Hunter's Point.
(c) New York City.
(d) Chelsea.

13. According to Bettmann in "Rural Life," what frontier necessity was often a cesspool of contamination?
(a) The barn.
(b) The outhouse.
(c) Nearby streams.
(d) The local well.

14. When the railroads came to a town after the Civil War, where were they placed?
(a) They went straight through the towns.
(b) They were placed a minimum of one mile from any residential area.
(c) They were run on the outskirts of town.
(d) They were usually run through the industrial areas.

15. Due to a lack of a sanitation department in the late 1800s, many streets in the large American cities were lined with what?
(a) People living on the streets.
(b) Trash bins.
(c) Filth.
(d) Animals.

Short Answer Questions

1. What problem did profit motives lead to for street car riders in the late 1800s?

2. In the time after the Civil War, humans generated an amazing amount of:

3. What was the original purpose of the El Train?

4. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?

5. According to Bettmann in the chapter "Air," what did some people think air pollution was a good sign of?

(see the answer keys)

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