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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the time after the Civil War, air pollution was:
(a) Only a problem in the South.
(b) Not a problem.
(c) Not understood.
(d) Much less than it was before the Civil War.

2. How were on-the-job accidents dealt with in the late 1800s?
(a) Workers were treated on site.
(b) With a letter of apology.
(c) With pay compensation.
(d) They were ignored.

3. What was the main cause of lung irritation, vomiting and sickness for people in the large cities in the early 19th century?
(a) Cancer.
(b) Food poisoning.
(c) Industrial vapors.
(d) Smoking tobacco.

4. Women on the frontier in the late 1800s also endured the hard work of what daily chore?
(a) Cooking.
(b) Chicken care.
(c) Laundry.
(d) Sewing.

5. According to Bettmann in "Air," many people were cramped together in windowless rooms in the tenements during the summer, causing:
(a) Many people to flee the cities.
(b) Landlords to lower rents.
(c) An increase in determination to succeed in the working class.
(d) Heat stroke and dehydration.

6. Traffic in the large American cities in the late 1800s was:
(a) Not too bad if you had a map.
(b) Light.
(c) Easy.
(d) Horrendous.

7. In the time after the Civil War, humans generated an amazing amount of:
(a) Offspring.
(b) Textiles.
(c) Ingenuity.
(d) Trash.

8. How did parents react to child labor in the late 1800s?
(a) They hid their children with distant relatives.
(b) They fought against it.
(c) They sued the industries that practiced it.
(d) They encouraged it.

9. In "Housing," what did Bettmann cite as an additional cause of dangerous air quality in homes?
(a) Pesticides.
(b) Particles in the air from coal stoves.
(c) Nearby railroads.
(d) Industrial soot.

10. To some, the time between the end of the Civil War and the early 1900s was known as what?
(a) "Post War Era."
(b) "Hard luck times."
(c) "The Good Old Days."
(d) "The Wild West Era."

11. According to Bettmann in "Air," one observer called the worst New York industrial area a:
(a) "Heart of the New Economy."
(b) "Smog City."
(c) "Industrial wasteland."
(d) "Nasal Disaster."

12. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?
(a) Lakeside Apartments.
(b) Park Place.
(c) The New Yorker.
(d) Stuyvesant Apartments.

13. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?
(a) Horses and chickens.
(b) Pigs and horses.
(c) Horses and cows.
(d) Chickens and pigs.

14. Which industry featured the most brutal conditions for time and wages in the late 1800s?
(a) Railroad.
(b) Steel.
(c) Textile.
(d) Auto.

15. What kind of work did the young rural girls often find in the cities in the late 1800s?
(a) In the sweatshops.
(b) Servant help.
(c) No work was to be found.
(d) Selling door to door.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why was there such massive overcrowding on Manhattan Island in the late 1800s?

2. According to Bettmann, what kind of wage did Stewart award his workers?

3. What was the fare for the electric trolley car in the late 1800s?

4. What did Richard M. Hunt develop to help with overcrowding and the housing shortage?

5. Besides the lung irritation, vomiting, and sickness, what other ailment was common to those exposed to air pollution in the late 1800s?

(see the answer keys)

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