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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What danger did many industrial laborers face in the latter part of the 19th century?
(a) Fire hazards.
(b) Lack of medical benefits.
(c) Unsafe working equipment.
(d) Toxic inhalants.

2. Who was A.T. Stewart?
(a) Steel mill owner.
(b) Newspaper mogel.
(c) Railroad tycoon.
(d) Sweatshop owner.

3. Women on the frontier in the late 1800s also endured the hard work of what daily chore?
(a) Chicken care.
(b) Laundry.
(c) Cooking.
(d) Sewing.

4. In the late 19th century, where was New York's shantytown?
(a) On the outskirts of the city.
(b) Near the industrial neighborhood.
(c) Downtown.
(d) Near the railway station.

5. What people took advantage of the tenants in the time after the Civil War?
(a) The merchants.
(b) The police.
(c) The landlords.
(d) The immigrants.

6. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?
(a) Park Place.
(b) The New Yorker.
(c) Stuyvesant Apartments.
(d) Lakeside Apartments.

7. What was the main cause of lung irritation, vomiting and sickness for people in the large cities in the early 19th century?
(a) Smoking tobacco.
(b) Food poisoning.
(c) Cancer.
(d) Industrial vapors.

8. What area in New York City had an abundance of industrial factories in the early 19th century ?
(a) Hunter's Point.
(b) Chelsea.
(c) Lower East side.
(d) New York City.

9. Where was the El Train introduced?
(a) New York.
(b) Boston.
(c) Chicago.
(d) Atlanta.

10. Just like their male counterparts, frontier women after the Civil War endured:
(a) Small town life.
(b) Lack of voting rights.
(c) Back-breaking labor.
(d) Harsh weather.

11. How were the workers of labor strikes in the late 19th century perceived to be by the public?
(a) Fighting for fair treatment.
(b) Lawless and violent.
(c) Troublemakers.
(d) Unjustly treated.

12. What was the original purpose of the El Train?
(a) To show off new technology.
(b) To improve commute times.
(c) To replace the horse and cart.
(d) To relieve massive overcrowding.

13. What was a common difficulty for frontiersmen after the Civil War?
(a) The threat of Indians.
(b) Animals kept dying.
(c) Financial hardship.
(d) The ground often did not yield a crop.

14. According to Bettmann in the chapter "Air," what did some people think air pollution was a good sign of?
(a) Wind currents.
(b) Luck.
(c) Industry.
(d) Health.

15. What did Richard M. Hunt develop to help with overcrowding and the housing shortage?
(a) The suburbs.
(b) Government sponsored housing.
(c) Homeless shelters.
(d) The vertical apartment building.

Short Answer Questions

1. The weather was often an obstacle for what mode of transportation in the large cities after the Civil War?

2. According to Bettmann in "Housing," where did poorer residents end up who could not afford tenements?

3. What hours did Steward demand his employees work?

4. Why did winter pose a health problem to those on the frontier according to Bettmann in "Rural Life"?

5. In "Air," what was a common misconception about air pollution?

(see the answer keys)

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