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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What people took advantage of the tenants in the time after the Civil War?
(a) The immigrants.
(b) The merchants.
(c) The landlords.
(d) The police.

2. According to Bettmann in "Rural Life," why would many young girls leave the country for the promise of the city?
(a) They would be sent to earn a wage to help the family.
(b) They watched their mothers grow prematurely old with toil.
(c) Their families could no longer afford to feed them.
(d) They thought they could find husbands easier in the city.

3. How did parents react to child labor in the late 1800s?
(a) They sued the industries that practiced it.
(b) They hid their children with distant relatives.
(c) They encouraged it.
(d) They fought against it.

4. How did the electric trolley car create even bigger traffic problems for cities?
(a) It was built on the busiest streets.
(b) Too many people wanted to ride.
(c) It was poorly scheduled.
(d) It was way too slow.

5. Just like their male counterparts, frontier women after the Civil War endured:
(a) Small town life.
(b) Lack of voting rights.
(c) Harsh weather.
(d) Back-breaking labor.

6. What was one initial problem with the electric trolley car?
(a) It was way too slow.
(b) It didn't hold enough people.
(c) It broke down often.
(d) It competed with the horse-drawn streetcars for space.

7. In New York after the Civil War, in what area was the greatest contrast between rich and poor seen?
(a) Clothing.
(b) Family size.
(c) Housing.
(d) Job security.

8. Why was there such massive overcrowding on Manhattan Island in the late 1800s?
(a) People were too poor to leave the city.
(b) Because of incoming immigrants.
(c) Because it was the only place to find work.
(d) Because of the poor transportation.

9. According to Bettmann in "Housing," where did poorer residents end up who could not afford tenements?
(a) Homeless shelters.
(b) Sleeping at railway stations.
(c) On the outskirts of the city.
(d) Boarding homes.

10. Wind as well as the heat of summer exacerbated what problem in the large cities after the Civil War?
(a) Overcrowding.
(b) The constant putrid stench.
(c) The dark smoke emitting from the factories.
(d) The health problems of the animals.

11. What work did an ancient stove require on the frontier?
(a) Constant feeding of wood.
(b) Use of hard to find coals.
(c) Maintaining the stovepipe.
(d) Scrubbing the inside of the stove.

12. The weather was often an obstacle for what mode of transportation in the large cities after the Civil War?
(a) Rickshaws.
(b) City Buses.
(c) Street cars.
(d) Taxis.

13. According to Bettman in "Traffic," in what city was a record 330 crossing-grade deaths in one year?
(a) Boston.
(b) Philadelphia.
(c) Chicago.
(d) New York.

14. What danger did many industrial laborers face in the latter part of the 19th century?
(a) Fire hazards.
(b) Lack of medical benefits.
(c) Toxic inhalants.
(d) Unsafe working equipment.

15. According to Bettmann in "Air," many people were cramped together in windowless rooms in the tenements during the summer, causing:
(a) An increase in determination to succeed in the working class.
(b) Landlords to lower rents.
(c) Heat stroke and dehydration.
(d) Many people to flee the cities.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did most landlords treat their tenants in the late 1800s?

2. What was the fare for the electric trolley car in the late 1800s?

3. What problems did the railroads add to any town in the late 1800s?

4. The air quality in homes was dangerous in the late 1800s because of:

5. How did the police handle strikes in the late 1800s?

(see the answer keys)

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