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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Richard M. Hunt develop to help with overcrowding and the housing shortage?
(a) Government sponsored housing.
(b) Homeless shelters.
(c) The suburbs.
(d) The vertical apartment building.

2. Just like their male counterparts, frontier women after the Civil War endured:
(a) Small town life.
(b) Harsh weather.
(c) Lack of voting rights.
(d) Back-breaking labor.

3. How were on-the-job accidents dealt with in the late 1800s?
(a) They were ignored.
(b) With pay compensation.
(c) With a letter of apology.
(d) Workers were treated on site.

4. How did parents react to child labor in the late 1800s?
(a) They hid their children with distant relatives.
(b) They encouraged it.
(c) They fought against it.
(d) They sued the industries that practiced it.

5. In what year was the El Train introduced?
(a) 1898.
(b) 1868.
(c) 1870.
(d) 1902.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why were some animals a pollutant problem as noted in the chapter "Air"?

2. Besides the lung irritation, vomiting, and sickness, what other ailment was common to those exposed to air pollution in the late 1800s?

3. According to the chapter "Work," what was a typical work week in the late 1800s?

4. According to Bettmann, what kind of wage did Stewart award his workers?

5. According to Bettmann in "Housing," how did apartments turn into vertical versions of tenements?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the era after the Civil War, what was a major cause of the hideous traffic problems in the large American cities like New York?

2. According to Bettmann in "Work," where were the most dangerous places to work in the cities?

3. How did housing reveal the contrast between the rich and the poor in the late 1800s?

4. What were some of the toxic inhalants many industrial workers had to endure in the post Civil War era?

5. How did winter pose a health hazard on the frontier?

6. How did railroads contribute to the pollution and danger for many cities?

7. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

8. What was pollution misunderstood to be in the time after the Civil War?

9. In the late 1800s, were strikes an effective way to handle grievances by workers?

10. What was the El Train, and what was it's purpose when it was introduced in 1868?

(see the answer keys)

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