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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did overpopulation in the big cities mean for the tenants in the late 1800s?
(a) Families often had to split up.
(b) A lack of food.
(c) A housing shortage.
(d) Only very small accomodations were available.

2. In the era after the Civil War, what was the most dangerous sweatshop activity?
(a) Tobacco stripping.
(b) Cotton weaving.
(c) Sewing.
(d) Loom operation.

3. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?
(a) Lakeside Apartments.
(b) Stuyvesant Apartments.
(c) The New Yorker.
(d) Park Place.

4. In what year was the El Train introduced?
(a) 1898.
(b) 1902.
(c) 1868.
(d) 1870.

5. How did the electric trolley car create even bigger traffic problems for cities?
(a) It was poorly scheduled.
(b) It was way too slow.
(c) It was built on the busiest streets.
(d) Too many people wanted to ride.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what year was the electric trolley car introduced?

2. What kind of problem did the El Train have initially?

3. How were the workers of labor strikes in the late 19th century perceived to be by the public?

4. The weather was often an obstacle for what mode of transportation in the large cities after the Civil War?

5. Which industries were the most dangerous for workers after the Civil War?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to the chapter "Air," what were some of the problems with using a streetcar for transportation?

2. What were some of the toxic inhalants many industrial workers had to endure in the post Civil War era?

3. What was the El Train, and what was it's purpose when it was introduced in 1868?

4. What caused the local wells on the frontier to become contaminated?

5. How did the electric trolley car, which was built to improve the traffic situation, actually make the traffic problem worse?

6. What was the worst sweatshop industry for the health of the employees?

7. Who constructed the first apartment building, and why was it created?

8. According to Bettman in "Air," how did the lack of a sanitation department contribute to the problem of filth and stench in the cities?

9. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

10. How does author Otto Bettman attempt to shatter the misconception of this era, and what is the result?

(see the answer keys)

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