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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Women on the frontier in the late 1800s also endured the hard work of what daily chore?
(a) Cooking.
(b) Sewing.
(c) Chicken care.
(d) Laundry.

2. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?
(a) Pigs and horses.
(b) Horses and chickens.
(c) Horses and cows.
(d) Chickens and pigs.

3. According to Bettmann in the chapter "Air," what did some people think air pollution was a good sign of?
(a) Industry.
(b) Luck.
(c) Health.
(d) Wind currents.

4. What did overpopulation in the big cities mean for the tenants in the late 1800s?
(a) A housing shortage.
(b) A lack of food.
(c) Only very small accomodations were available.
(d) Families often had to split up.

5. Why was there such massive overcrowding on Manhattan Island in the late 1800s?
(a) People were too poor to leave the city.
(b) Because of the poor transportation.
(c) Because it was the only place to find work.
(d) Because of incoming immigrants.

Short Answer Questions

1. What people took advantage of the tenants in the time after the Civil War?

2. What did Bettmann cite as the main reason for the traffic problems in the cities in the late 1800s?

3. Where were the first apartments constructed?

4. What problems did the railroads add to any town in the late 1800s?

5. What was the fare for the electric trolley car in the late 1800s?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does author Otto Bettman attempt to shatter the misconception of this era, and what is the result?

2. In the era after the Civil War, what was a major cause of the hideous traffic problems in the large American cities like New York?

3. How did the apartments of the late 1800s often turn into death traps for its occupants?

4. What were some of the back-breaking laborious chores that frontier women had to endure?

5. What made the popular brownstone a stuffy and hazardous place to live for it's occupants?

6. What were some of the toxic inhalants many industrial workers had to endure in the post Civil War era?

7. According to Bettmann in "Work," where were the most dangerous places to work in the cities?

8. How did winter pose a health hazard on the frontier?

9. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

10. What was pollution misunderstood to be in the time after the Civil War?

(see the answer keys)

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