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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What work did an ancient stove require on the frontier?
(a) Use of hard to find coals.
(b) Maintaining the stovepipe.
(c) Scrubbing the inside of the stove.
(d) Constant feeding of wood.

2. In the era after the Civil War, what was the most dangerous sweatshop activity?
(a) Sewing.
(b) Cotton weaving.
(c) Loom operation.
(d) Tobacco stripping.

3. What was a major contributor to the contamination and disease in the wells in the late 19th century?
(a) Typhoid epidemic.
(b) Food left out.
(c) Misunderstanding of germs.
(d) Drainage from the outhouse.

4. In "Housing," what did Bettmann cite as an additional cause of dangerous air quality in homes?
(a) Industrial soot.
(b) Nearby railroads.
(c) Pesticides.
(d) Particles in the air from coal stoves.

5. Which industry featured the most brutal conditions for time and wages in the late 1800s?
(a) Textile.
(b) Railroad.
(c) Steel.
(d) Auto.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to "Rural Life," where were children most likely to be on the prairie?

2. Why did winter pose a health problem to those on the frontier according to Bettmann in "Rural Life"?

3. Why did farmers in the 1880s have to mortgage their land?

4. According to Bettmann in "Air," many people were cramped together in windowless rooms in the tenements during the summer, causing:

5. In what year was the electric trolley car introduced?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Bettman in "Air," how did the lack of a sanitation department contribute to the problem of filth and stench in the cities?

2. In the era after the Civil War, what was a major cause of the hideous traffic problems in the large American cities like New York?

3. Was the fare for streetcars affordable to the working-class?

4. How did many young people in the late 1800s react to seeing the laborious life their parents led?

5. What two things negatively effected the mental health of homesteaders?

6. In the late 1800s, were strikes an effective way to handle grievances by workers?

7. In the minds of some, what was the time between the Civil War and the early 1900s known as?

8. What made the popular brownstone a stuffy and hazardous place to live for it's occupants?

9. How did railroads contribute to the pollution and danger for many cities?

10. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

(see the answer keys)

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