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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which musician did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?

2. What landmark event does Hobsbawm see as the peak of the middle class ideology?

3. What does Hobsbawm say was the realm of all important thought at the time?

4. What view of society was beginning to be adopted widely, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. According to Hobsbawm, what characterized conditions in the neighborhoods of the working poor?

Short Essay Questions

1. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

2. What had to happen to land use practices, in Hobsbawm's account, for capitalism to take hold in Europe?

3. What does Hobsbawm say was increasing around 1848?

4. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

5. How does Hobsbawm define middle class ideology?

6. How, in Hobsbawm's account, did European land reforms fare in other places?

7. How did those in power react to the spread of middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

8. What role did religion serve, even as Europe was becoming more secular?

9. Why was France's economy left behind, in Hobsbawm's account?

10. What does Hobsbawm say labor organizers were promising workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Revolutions took place for years after the French Revolution, some successful, some not. How would you characterize the legacy of the French Revolution in these other revolutions? Were these revolutions independent occurrences? Were they inspired by or in any way caused by the French Revolution? Or, were they merely reactions against the same cultural developments that had happened in France?

Essay Topic 2

Was the secularization of European culture a benefit or a disadvantage of industrialization? Or, was it simply a transition, as people found their religion in other places? What functions had religion served that were now served by other, secular developments?

Essay Topic 3

Was the secularization of European culture a benefit or a disadvantage of industrialization? Was it simply a transition, as people found their religion in other places? What functions had religion served that were now served by other, secular developments?

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