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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How large were the circles within which people moved in the late 1700s, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) They were much more spread out.
(b) Much larger than today.
(c) Smaller than today for some people, but larger for others.
(d) Much smaller than today.

2. Which nation ruled most of Asia in the late 1700s?
(a) China.
(b) Australia.
(c) Russia.
(d) India.

3. What, in Hobsbawm's view, was the economic result of the French Revolution?
(a) It concentrated the refugee populations in cities, where they became workers.
(b) It ruined the means of production and created the possibility of socialism.
(c) It devastated the continent with non-stop fighting.
(d) It created room for new industries.

4. What did the French monarch make a practice of in the 1780s?
(a) Persecuting heretics and dissenters.
(b) Selling government positions to noblemen.
(c) Ostracizing radicals and innovators.
(d) Placing competent men in bureaucratic positions.

5. What did the French Revolution demonstrate to the rest of Europe?
(a) That people could rise up to fight for their freedom.
(b) That power will always reside in the aristocracy's hands.
(c) That Europe was not ready for democracy yet.
(d) That tyrants could use popular uprisings for their own purposes.

6. Where did Russia expand its relationships after the French Revolution?
(a) Japan.
(b) The Caucasus.
(c) China.
(d) Greece.

7. What area was affected by what Hobsbawm calls the third wave of revolutions?
(a) The Mediterranean.
(b) Western Europe.
(c) All of Europe.
(d) Eastern Europe.

8. What was production freed from in the 1780s?
(a) The limitations of earlier production techniques.
(b) The limitations imposed by population size.
(c) The limitations imposed by limited raw materials.
(d) The limitations imposed by years of war.

9. What group does Hobsbawm say typified the revolutionary groups that became active in 1848?
(a) The Chartists.
(b) The Luddites.
(c) The Jacobins.
(d) The Carbonari.

10. What was abolished in the wake of Napoleon's victories?
(a) Feudalism.
(b) Monarchy.
(c) Colonialism.
(d) Aristocracy.

11. Why did the French state have a financial crisis in the 1780s?
(a) Because they had overextended themselves in their colonies.
(b) Because they had brought too many workers into the labor force, and devalued their currency.
(c) Because they had lost Canada to the British.
(d) Because they helped the Americans in their Revolutionary War.

12. What crucial event does Hobsbawm say took place during the period after the French Revolution?
(a) The abolition of the slave trade.
(b) The discovery of Australia.
(c) The development of paper currency.
(d) The invention of the cotton gin.

13. Where does Hobsbawm say the first wave of revolutions took place after the French Revolution?
(a) In the Americas.
(b) In Asia.
(c) In Eastern Europe.
(d) In the Mediterranean.

14. What did the nobility do when France became a Constitutional monarchy?
(a) They organized resistance within France.
(b) They fled to other monarchies.
(c) They helped turn over their wealth and the Church's wealth to the people.
(d) They turned their estates into communes.

15. What happened that fostered nationalist movements in the Balkans?
(a) The Russians opened trade with the Balkan areas.
(b) Greeks began to flee to the Balkans to get away from the fighting in Greece.
(c) The Greeks attained independence and fixed borders.
(d) The Turks invaded, uniting the Balkan states against them.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Hobsbawm say revolutionary groups had in common across Europe in 1848?

2. Why did the international congress among Europe's ruling nations dissolve after a few years?

3. What quality distinguished the revolutions that took place in 1848 from earlier revolutions, according to Hobsbawm?

4. Who does Hobsbawm say rose to prominence financing the wars?

5. Who dominated the Third Estate in the 1780s in France?

(see the answer keys)

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