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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The merchant class was situated between what and what, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) Part-time craftsmen and markets.
(b) Farmers and craftsmen.
(c) Industrial labor and aristocrats.
(d) Political theory and practice.

2. What was the result of improvements in the technology of spinning and weaving?
(a) Increased tax revenue from the cotton trade.
(b) Decreased farm size.
(c) Decreased need for labor.
(d) Increased output.

3. What emerged in 1830, according to Hobsbawm's evaluation?
(a) A self-identified working class.
(b) State surveillance techniques.
(c) A permanently poor underclass.
(d) Mechanisms for suppressing revolutions.

4. France was opposed by which of these in the Napoleonic Wars?
(a) Austria and Prussia.
(b) Britain and Russia.
(c) Russia, Prussia and Austria.
(d) All of Europe and Britain.

5. How does Hobsbawm describe the agrarian workers of the world?
(a) He says they were united.
(b) He says they were unfree.
(c) He says they were part-owners in the estates.
(d) He says they were efficient.

6. What pressure drove the mechanization of production in the late 1700s?
(a) The need for monopoly.
(b) The need to dominate trade routes.
(c) The need for mercantile power.
(d) The need for profit.

7. Which market supplied raw materials for the cotton trade?
(a) Thailand.
(b) Britain's colonies.
(c) Russia.
(d) France.

8. Why did the French state have a financial crisis in the 1780s?
(a) Because they had brought too many workers into the labor force, and devalued their currency.
(b) Because they had overextended themselves in their colonies.
(c) Because they had lost Canada to the British.
(d) Because they helped the Americans in their Revolutionary War.

9. What idea does Hobsbawm say was just being developed after the turning point of 1830?
(a) Separatism.
(b) "Self-conscious" nationalism.
(c) International community.
(d) Unionization.

10. What did the monarchy do in response to France's financial crisis in the 1780s?
(a) He proposed new taxes.
(b) He outsourced the business of governing.
(c) He called a States General.
(d) He borrowed from the merchants.

11. What set the stage for the French Revolution, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) France's war with Austria.
(b) France's war with Prussia.
(c) France's war with Britain.
(d) France's war with Russia.

12. What was the international congress that ruled Europe called?
(a) The European Convention.
(b) The League of Nations.
(c) The Concert of Europe.
(d) The European Assembly.

13. Which areas were best connected, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) The mountains.
(b) The seacoasts.
(c) The farm country.
(d) The islands.

14. What, in Hobsbawm's view, was the economic result of the French Revolution?
(a) It ruined the means of production and created the possibility of socialism.
(b) It created room for new industries.
(c) It concentrated the refugee populations in cities, where they became workers.
(d) It devastated the continent with non-stop fighting.

15. What was abolished in the wake of Napoleon's victories?
(a) Monarchy.
(b) Aristocracy.
(c) Feudalism.
(d) Colonialism.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were the dates of the Napoleonic Wars?

2. What does Hobsbawm say is the dual root of nationalism in Europe?

3. How much does Hobsbawm say Europeans were affected by the Napoleonic Wars?

4. Where did the second wave of revolutions take place?

5. Which class does Hobsbawm say published and circulated native-language publications?

(see the answer keys)

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