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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did the international congress among Europe's ruling nations dissolve after a few years?
(a) It was replaced by another alliance.
(b) Its members conspired against each other.
(c) The interests of its main powers diverged.
(d) Its members launched an unsuccessful war together.

2. What was the age of scientific and political progress in the 1700s called?
(a) The Renaissance.
(b) Modernism.
(c) The Romantic period.
(d) The Enlightenment.

3. What quality distinguished the revolutions that took place in 1848 from earlier revolutions, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) They were spontaneous.
(b) They were non-violent.
(c) They were unsuccessful.
(d) They were planned.

4. Which areas were best connected, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) The farm country.
(b) The seacoasts.
(c) The mountains.
(d) The islands.

5. What product does Hobsbawm say was the catalyst for the Industrial Revolution?
(a) Steel.
(b) Iron.
(c) Cotton.
(d) Wool.

6. In what way does Hobsbawm say the world of 1789 was bigger than today?
(a) Hobsbawm says that people were bigger than today.
(b) Hobsbawm says that distances seemed much bigger than today.
(c) Hobsbawm says that the population was bigger than today.
(d) Hobsbawm says that much of the Earth was still unexplored.

7. In what did England lead Europe, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) Raw material production.
(b) Moral philosophy.
(c) Political freedoms.
(d) Per capita trade.

8. Which nation ruled most of Asia in the late 1700s?
(a) Russia.
(b) China.
(c) India.
(d) Australia.

9. Who invested in the railroads, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) Merchants and investors.
(b) All strata of society invested in the railroads.
(c) The working classes.
(d) Nobles and aristocrats.

10. Which nation led the others in industrialization?
(a) Russia.
(b) Britain.
(c) Prussia.
(d) France.

11. What was the Bastille a symbol of when the French stormed it in 1789?
(a) The free market.
(b) The monarchy.
(c) The bourgeoisie.
(d) The radical element.

12. Who dominated the Orthodox Church in 1848?
(a) Poland.
(b) Turkey.
(c) Russia.
(d) Greece.

13. What did the French Revolution demonstrate to the rest of Europe?
(a) That Europe was not ready for democracy yet.
(b) That people could rise up to fight for their freedom.
(c) That power will always reside in the aristocracy's hands.
(d) That tyrants could use popular uprisings for their own purposes.

14. What did revolutionaries see as the goal of their revolutions?
(a) Seizing control over government.
(b) Giving government back to the people.
(c) Making aristocratic government responsive to commoners' needs.
(d) Making revolution a permanent aspect of society.

15. What does Hobsbawm say revolutionary groups had in common across Europe in 1848?
(a) They saw themselves as the benefactors of the common people.
(b) They all portrayed themselves as fighting for freedom against tyranny.
(c) They all wanted to make their revolution a permanent part of society.
(d) They were all inspired to eliminate monarchies.

Short Answer Questions

1. What cause did Russia and Britain disagree over after the French Revolution?

2. What was Robespierre's role in the Reign of Terror?

3. What was the international congress that ruled Europe called?

4. When did the Constituent Assembly create a new Constitution that turned France into a Constitutional monarchy?

5. What pressure drove the mechanization of production in the late 1700s?

(see the answer keys)

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