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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Hobsbawm say the major European powers agreed on after the French Revolution?
(a) Revolutions should be used to reinforce the ruling class.
(b) Revolutions should be a way of eliminating the aristocrats.
(c) Revolutions should be used as tools for developing nationalism.
(d) Revolutionary movements should be contained.

2. Why did the French state have a financial crisis in the 1780s?
(a) Because they helped the Americans in their Revolutionary War.
(b) Because they had overextended themselves in their colonies.
(c) Because they had brought too many workers into the labor force, and devalued their currency.
(d) Because they had lost Canada to the British.

3. How did the concept of nationalism spread through Europe?
(a) From east to west.
(b) From north to south.
(c) From west to east.
(d) From France outward in every direction.

4. In what did England lead Europe, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) Per capita trade.
(b) Raw material production.
(c) Political freedoms.
(d) Moral philosophy.

5. What group does Hobsbawm say typified the revolutionary groups that became active in 1848?
(a) The Carbonari.
(b) The Luddites.
(c) The Chartists.
(d) The Jacobins.

6. Where were the French forces defeated in 1814?
(a) Waterloo.
(b) Moscow.
(c) Leipzig.
(d) The Marne.

7. Who dominated the Third Estate in the 1780s in France?
(a) Revolutionaries and radicals.
(b) The nobility.
(c) The middle class.
(d) The working poor.

8. What were the dates of the Napoleonic Wars?
(a) 1812-1815.
(b) 1789-1815.
(c) 1792-1815.
(d) 1791-1812.

9. What does Hobsbawm say revolutionary groups had in common across Europe in 1848?
(a) They all wanted to make their revolution a permanent part of society.
(b) They all portrayed themselves as fighting for freedom against tyranny.
(c) They saw themselves as the benefactors of the common people.
(d) They were all inspired to eliminate monarchies.

10. What was production freed from in the 1780s?
(a) The limitations imposed by years of war.
(b) The limitations imposed by limited raw materials.
(c) The limitations imposed by population size.
(d) The limitations of earlier production techniques.

11. Which nation was the exception to the rule that Europe was ruled by absolute monarchs, in the late 1700s?
(a) Russia.
(b) Britain.
(c) France.
(d) Austria.

12. Where does Hobsbawm see a culture combining nationalism with the revolutionary spirit of the French Revolution?
(a) Poland.
(b) Greece.
(c) Ireland.
(d) Albania.

13. What came to an end in 1830, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) Local trade.
(b) Aristocratic political power.
(c) Religious faith.
(d) Hand-crafts.

14. What happened that fostered nationalist movements in the Balkans?
(a) The Greeks attained independence and fixed borders.
(b) Greeks began to flee to the Balkans to get away from the fighting in Greece.
(c) The Turks invaded, uniting the Balkan states against them.
(d) The Russians opened trade with the Balkan areas.

15. The merchant class was situated between what and what, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) Farmers and craftsmen.
(b) Industrial labor and aristocrats.
(c) Part-time craftsmen and markets.
(d) Political theory and practice.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the Code of Napoleon?

2. Which areas were best connected, according to Hobsbawm?

3. What trend was Hobsbawm looking for in revolts and revolutions?

4. What product does Hobsbawm say was the catalyst for the Industrial Revolution?

5. Which nation ruled most of Asia in the late 1700s?

(see the answer keys)

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