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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What developed in other European countries, but not in France?
(a) Militarism.
(b) A market for common goods.
(c) Nationalism.
(d) An export market for luxury items.

2. Where was Chartism an active part of the political landscape?
(a) France.
(b) Britain.
(c) Prussia.
(d) Austria.

3. How does Hobsbawm say conditions for the working poor changed in the mid-1800s?
(a) He says that they deteriorated.
(b) He says that they largely improved.
(c) He says that they became more and more sanitary over time.
(d) He says that they were better regulated by the government.

4. Which religions gained adherents after the French Revolution?
(a) Protestantism and folk religions.
(b) Paganism and Protestantism.
(c) Islam and Protestantism.
(d) Hinduism and Islam.

5. How does Hobsbawm describe Romanticism?
(a) It proposed new ways of representing reality.
(b) As an 'extremist crowd'.
(c) It was highly aesthetic.
(d) It valued conformity.

6. What does Hobsbawm say was the realm of all important thought at the time?
(a) It was literary.
(b) It was secular.
(c) It was political.
(d) It was religious.

7. Based on these landmarks, what were the dates of the beginning and the peak of middle class ideology?
(a) 1789 and 1830.
(b) 1791 and 1812.
(c) 1795 and 1848.
(d) 1776 and 1817.

8. In what way did conservative thinkers resist middle class ideology?
(a) By inciting revolutions to revert to ancient values.
(b) By studying ancient cultures.
(c) By advocating for international trade.
(d) By appealing to history and tradition.

9. How did Hobsbawm characterize the change in the way that people related to the land, and the way land was related to the economy?
(a) As the most lucrative development of the period.
(b) As the most catastrophic phenomenon of the period.
(c) As the least forgivable development of the period.
(d) As the least recognized phenomenon of the period.

10. What contrast became very clear as industrialism developed in Europe?
(a) The contrast between working poor and middle class.
(b) The contrast between men's and women's employments.
(c) The contrast between Eastern and Western European.
(d) The contrast between bourgeoisie and aristocracy.

11. What profession emerged in France as a result of Napoleon?
(a) A civil service.
(b) University professors.
(c) Lawyers and legal experts.
(d) Merchants and money lenders.

12. What was a consequence of the emergence of a new class of people in European society?
(a) Nostalgia for lost cultural heritage.
(b) Religious freedom.
(c) Stricter government surveillance.
(d) Libertinage.

13. What possibility did this social structure open to French society?
(a) It became a place where aristocrats could regain their property and standing.
(b) It became a place where talent could succeed regardless of wealth or birth.
(c) It became a place where new immigrants could attain citizenship.
(d) It became a place where the monarch could appoint friends and supporters.

14. What was changing in the role religion played in people's lives, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) It was becoming more radical.
(b) It was becoming merely ceremonial.
(c) It was in general decline.
(d) It was expanding into poor neighborhoods.

15. How did this social structure change in the years after the Napoleonic Wars?
(a) It expanded its reach into all aspects of French culture.
(b) It developed into trade unionism.
(c) It developed into radical socialism.
(d) It merged into the old aristocracy.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which author did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?

2. What does Hobsbawm say had to happen to the land before its economic potential could be unleashed?

3. What was the new stance toward religion after the French Revolution?

4. What did France produce as other countries' economies changed?

5. Where were Protestant sects at the head of religious revivals?

(see the answer keys)

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