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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What landmark event does Hobsbawm see as the peak of the middle class ideology?
(a) The publication of Ricardo's 'Principles of Political Economy'.
(b) The publication of Malthus' theories.
(c) The publication of "Origin of Species".
(d) The publication of "Kubla Khan".

2. What distinguished the new class of workers that emerged in the Age of Revolution?
(a) They no longer needed patrons.
(b) They went to school for their trade.
(c) They received pay in money, not goods.
(d) They did not use their hands.

3. In what way does Hobsbawm say that the sympathies of those in power were split in the early 1800s?
(a) They were torn between exhaustion with warfare, and the need to expand their territory.
(b) They were caught between expensive colonialism abroad, and lack of tax revenues at home.
(c) Those in power were torn between ideological affection for democracy, but faith in the elite as rulers.
(d) They were caught between wanting to industrialize, but also to keep their culture the same.

4. What contrast became very clear as industrialism developed in Europe?
(a) The contrast between working poor and middle class.
(b) The contrast between Eastern and Western European.
(c) The contrast between men's and women's employments.
(d) The contrast between bourgeoisie and aristocracy.

5. What was the new stance toward religion after the French Revolution?
(a) People were not hostile, but society was becoming more secular.
(b) The state had seized all church lands, and the church was diminished.
(c) Radicals were openly antagonistic to the church.
(d) The church had insinuated itself into the government.

6. How religious does Hobsbawm say the working classes were, by modern standards?
(a) Still quite religious.
(b) Devoutly religious, as before.
(c) More radical than before.
(d) Not religious at all.

7. Which musician did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?
(a) Beethoven.
(b) Schubert.
(c) Schumann.
(d) Bach.

8. In what way did conservative thinkers resist middle class ideology?
(a) By studying ancient cultures.
(b) By advocating for international trade.
(c) By inciting revolutions to revert to ancient values.
(d) By appealing to history and tradition.

9. What was increasing at the same time that the railroads were expanding in the 1830s?
(a) Monarchy.
(b) Religion.
(c) Migration.
(d) Superstition.

10. What began to develop as industrialism developed in Europe?
(a) A gap between developed and un-developed nations.
(b) An arms race between nations.
(c) A trade war over tariffs.
(d) Lower prices as producers competed for buyers.

11. Why did places that had not been conquered by France reform their land use, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) They didn't want to be left behind as other countries reformed.
(b) They were afraid of their peasantry rising up.
(c) They were inspired by France's example.
(d) They saw the benefits of reforming land use.

12. What stage was the political theory in when the organizers were making promises to the workers in the mid-1800s?
(a) It was meeting the political will to begin to strive towards achieving its goals.
(b) It was establishing coalitions with policemen, soldiers, and union leaders to present demands and back them with force.
(c) It was not well-organized enough to be a threat.
(d) It was still a lot of dreaming by people who were powerless to act.

13. What did Hobsbawm find in conservative thinking of the period?
(a) Hobsbawm did not find much of value.
(b) Myriad alternatives to industrialization.
(c) A strong tradition, in literature in particular.
(d) The beginnings of fascism.

14. What tool did the upper classes use to discriminate against the working poor?
(a) Legislation.
(b) Hiring decisions.
(c) Anti-union gangs.
(d) Military repression.

15. What was Chartism?
(a) A movement to unify the workers of the world.
(b) A movement to abolish the monarchy in Prussia.
(c) A movement to send workers to domesticate unexplored territories.
(d) A movement that called for election and parliamentary reform.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what way does Hobsbawm say that religion was still useful?

2. How did the people in political power react to middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. What is the paradox in France's failure to develop its industries?

4. Where were Protestant sects at the head of religious revivals?

5. What developed in other European countries, but not in France?

(see the answer keys)

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