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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What tool did the upper classes use to discriminate against the working poor?
(a) Military repression.
(b) Anti-union gangs.
(c) Legislation.
(d) Hiring decisions.

2. How did Hobsbawm characterize the change in the way that people related to the land, and the way land was related to the economy?
(a) As the most catastrophic phenomenon of the period.
(b) As the most lucrative development of the period.
(c) As the least forgivable development of the period.
(d) As the least recognized phenomenon of the period.

3. Who were the working poor typically rebelling against, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) The aristocracy.
(b) The middle class as much as the elite.
(c) Workers in other nations.
(d) The monarchy.

4. What developed in other European countries, but not in France?
(a) Militarism.
(b) Nationalism.
(c) A market for common goods.
(d) An export market for luxury items.

5. How did many countries impose this transformation of land use on the people?
(a) By abolishing feudalism.
(b) By nationalizing church and state lands.
(c) By seizing the aristocrats' lands for the people.
(d) By founding colonies in the New World.

6. What stage was the political theory in when the organizers were making promises to the workers in the mid-1800s?
(a) It was establishing coalitions with policemen, soldiers, and union leaders to present demands and back them with force.
(b) It was not well-organized enough to be a threat.
(c) It was still a lot of dreaming by people who were powerless to act.
(d) It was meeting the political will to begin to strive towards achieving its goals.

7. Who does Hobsbawm say typified the third kind of thinking that arose in the early 1800s?
(a) Wordsworth and Blake.
(b) Coleridge.
(c) Rousseau and Hegel.
(d) Goethe.

8. What landmark event does Hobsbawm use as the beginning of the middle class ideology?
(a) The publication of 'Wealth of Nations".
(b) The publication of "Bleak House".
(c) The publication of Hobbes' "Leviathan".
(d) The publication of "Jane Eyre".

9. In what way, in Hobsbawm's account, did the nobility use religion?
(a) As a source of stability and legitimacy.
(b) As an expensive charity to donate to.
(c) As a club to keep the lower classes down.
(d) As a prop to demonstrate their conspicuous leisure.

10. Which musician did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?
(a) Bach.
(b) Schubert.
(c) Schumann.
(d) Beethoven.

11. In what way does Hobsbawm say that the sympathies of those in power were split in the early 1800s?
(a) They were caught between expensive colonialism abroad, and lack of tax revenues at home.
(b) They were torn between exhaustion with warfare, and the need to expand their territory.
(c) They were caught between wanting to industrialize, but also to keep their culture the same.
(d) Those in power were torn between ideological affection for democracy, but faith in the elite as rulers.

12. In Hobsbawm's account, what did the peasantry lose by land reforms sweeping the globe in the mid-1800s?
(a) Ambition.
(b) Freedom.
(c) Protections.
(d) Dependence on local government.

13. What change does Hobsbawm say took place in the neighborhoods of the working poor?
(a) They were abandoned to squalor.
(b) They were transformed and redesigned for high density living.
(c) They were integrated with the industrial centers of production.
(d) They were segregated from the middle class.

14. The most industrialized countries saw more and more adherents of what religion?
(a) Folk religion.
(b) Catholicism.
(c) Paganism.
(d) Protestantism.

15. What state were other economies in 1848?
(a) They were still linked to agriculture.
(b) They were refining slave-based production methods.
(c) They were developing politically.
(d) They were building the foundations for modern agricultural techniques.

Short Answer Questions

1. How religious does Hobsbawm say the working classes were, by modern standards?

2. What figure does Hobsbawm say emerged from Romanticism?

3. Which religions gained adherents after the French Revolution?

4. How did the people in political power react to middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. What was the state of science in the period after the French Revolution?

(see the answer keys)

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