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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How were the working classes influenced by religion after the French Revolution?
(a) They remained tithed to the church.
(b) The were less influenced by it than before.
(c) They relied on it as another social service.
(d) They found consolation in the church for their hard lives.

2. Why were Jews particularly well-suited to take advantage of opportunities to join the new middle class?
(a) They lived in centers of trade.
(b) They were typically well-versed in science and technology.
(c) They were already largely urbanized.
(d) They were established financiers.

3. What was changing in the role religion played in people's lives, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) It was expanding into poor neighborhoods.
(b) It was in general decline.
(c) It was becoming merely ceremonial.
(d) It was becoming more radical.

4. How did many countries impose this transformation of land use on the people?
(a) By seizing the aristocrats' lands for the people.
(b) By nationalizing church and state lands.
(c) By abolishing feudalism.
(d) By founding colonies in the New World.

5. What was a consequence of the emergence of a new class of people in European society?
(a) Libertinage.
(b) Nostalgia for lost cultural heritage.
(c) Stricter government surveillance.
(d) Religious freedom.

6. What change does Hobsbawm say took place in the neighborhoods of the working poor?
(a) They were integrated with the industrial centers of production.
(b) They were transformed and redesigned for high density living.
(c) They were segregated from the middle class.
(d) They were abandoned to squalor.

7. Why, according to Hobsbawm, did land reform take place in France?
(a) Because of the Industrial Revolution.
(b) Because of the French Revolution.
(c) Because of Napoleon's defeat in Russia.
(d) Because of the ravages of the Napoleonic Wars.

8. How did the people in political power react to middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) They embraced it only reluctantly.
(b) They either followed it or ignored it.
(c) They turned it to their advantage politically.
(d) They attempted to repress it, generally.

9. What was the status of the Catholic Church after the French Revolution?
(a) It was appealing to the peasantry more and more.
(b) It was expanding.
(c) It was declining.
(d) It was becoming more powerful.

10. Which class was Romanticism popular among, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) The aristocracy.
(b) The working poor.
(c) The middle class.
(d) The bureaucracy.

11. Which religion was expanding from Turkey through Africa and to the east?
(a) Shinto.
(b) Hinduism.
(c) Islam.
(d) Confucianism.

12. What was the consequence of French land reforms in North Africa, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) They brought civilization to North Africa for the first time.
(b) They created a discontented class of people who eventually revolted.
(c) They installed local officials as a new aristocracy.
(d) They stripped away the wealth of the North African countries.

13. What was increasing at the same time that the railroads were expanding in the 1830s?
(a) Monarchy.
(b) Religion.
(c) Migration.
(d) Superstition.

14. What landmark event does Hobsbawm use as the beginning of the middle class ideology?
(a) The publication of "Jane Eyre".
(b) The publication of 'Wealth of Nations".
(c) The publication of Hobbes' "Leviathan".
(d) The publication of "Bleak House".

15. What was the new stance toward religion after the French Revolution?
(a) Radicals were openly antagonistic to the church.
(b) People were not hostile, but society was becoming more secular.
(c) The church had insinuated itself into the government.
(d) The state had seized all church lands, and the church was diminished.

Short Answer Questions

1. How religious does Hobsbawm say the working classes were, by modern standards?

2. In Hobsbawm's account, what did the peasantry gain by land reforms sweeping the globe in the mid-1800s?

3. How was Mozart's Magic Flute connected to the politics of Mozart's time, in Hobsbawm's account?

4. What distinguished the new class of workers that emerged in the Age of Revolution?

5. What capability was open to the middle class, as a result of the age of revolutions, that was not open before the revolutions?

(see the answer keys)

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