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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was increasing at the same time that the railroads were expanding in the 1830s?
(a) Monarchy.
(b) Superstition.
(c) Religion.
(d) Migration.

2. What does Hobsbawm say was the realm of all important thought at the time?
(a) It was literary.
(b) It was secular.
(c) It was political.
(d) It was religious.

3. How did many countries impose this transformation of land use on the people?
(a) By seizing the aristocrats' lands for the people.
(b) By abolishing feudalism.
(c) By nationalizing church and state lands.
(d) By founding colonies in the New World.

4. In what respect does Hobsbawm say that Britain was well-situated as industrialism expanded?
(a) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to take the role of supreme military leader.
(b) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to adopt the new technologies and grow its economy.
(c) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to open new trade routes with Asia.
(d) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to capitalize on other nations' industrialization.

5. What possibility did this social structure open to French society?
(a) It became a place where aristocrats could regain their property and standing.
(b) It became a place where talent could succeed regardless of wealth or birth.
(c) It became a place where the monarch could appoint friends and supporters.
(d) It became a place where new immigrants could attain citizenship.

6. According to Hobsbawm, what characterized conditions in the neighborhoods of the working poor?
(a) Clean streets.
(b) Lower and lower population density over time.
(c) Better and more efficient organization over time.
(d) High disease.

7. What change does Hobsbawm say took place in the neighborhoods of the working poor?
(a) They were abandoned to squalor.
(b) They were segregated from the middle class.
(c) They were transformed and redesigned for high density living.
(d) They were integrated with the industrial centers of production.

8. In Hobsbawm's account, what happened in France as industrialism expanded in neighboring countries?
(a) Land reforms from the French Revolution tied land use to the peasantry, and the economy did not take off.
(b) Economic development was slow for lack of investors willing to put money in French factories.
(c) The economy was paralyzed by the veterans returning from the wars to the small plots of land Napoleon had promised.
(d) France industrialized quickly, as the soldiers returned from the Napoleonic Wars and went to work in factories.

9. What state were other economies in 1848?
(a) They were refining slave-based production methods.
(b) They were building the foundations for modern agricultural techniques.
(c) They were developing politically.
(d) They were still linked to agriculture.

10. What was the status of the Catholic Church after the French Revolution?
(a) It was appealing to the peasantry more and more.
(b) It was becoming more powerful.
(c) It was declining.
(d) It was expanding.

11. In what way does Hobsbawm say that religion was still useful?
(a) As a prop to secure the middle class.
(b) As propaganda to justify xenophobia.
(c) As nostalgia for an earlier golden age.
(d) As propaganda to build nationalism.

12. How were the working classes influenced by religion after the French Revolution?
(a) They relied on it as another social service.
(b) The were less influenced by it than before.
(c) They remained tithed to the church.
(d) They found consolation in the church for their hard lives.

13. What fell away as industrialism developed in Europe?
(a) Protestantism.
(b) Apprenticeship.
(c) Secularism.
(d) Sons following into their fathers' professions.

14. Which form of rebellion did the working poor NOT engage in?
(a) Demonstrations.
(b) Political campaigns.
(c) Strikes and riots.
(d) Organized terrorism.

15. How did Hobsbawm characterize the change in the way that people related to the land, and the way land was related to the economy?
(a) As the most lucrative development of the period.
(b) As the least forgivable development of the period.
(c) As the most catastrophic phenomenon of the period.
(d) As the least recognized phenomenon of the period.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?

2. How was the European population changing that made it possible for art to flourish during the Age of Revolution?

3. What contribution does Hobsbawm say the Industrial Revolution made to the arts?

4. What caused the middle class ideology to decline, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. Why were Jews particularly well-suited to take advantage of opportunities to join the new middle class?

(see the answer keys)

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