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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was production freed from in the 1780s?
(a) The limitations of earlier production techniques.
(b) The limitations imposed by limited raw materials.
(c) The limitations imposed by years of war.
(d) The limitations imposed by population size.

2. Where did Russia expand its relationships after the French Revolution?
(a) Japan.
(b) China.
(c) Greece.
(d) The Caucasus.

3. What quality distinguished the revolutions that took place in 1848 from earlier revolutions, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) They were non-violent.
(b) They were planned.
(c) They were unsuccessful.
(d) They were spontaneous.

4. What was the international congress that ruled Europe called?
(a) The European Convention.
(b) The Concert of Europe.
(c) The European Assembly.
(d) The League of Nations.

5. What happened that fostered nationalist movements in the Balkans?
(a) The Greeks attained independence and fixed borders.
(b) The Russians opened trade with the Balkan areas.
(c) Greeks began to flee to the Balkans to get away from the fighting in Greece.
(d) The Turks invaded, uniting the Balkan states against them.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Hobsbawm describe the agrarian workers of the world?

2. Which nation led the others in industrialization?

3. What idea does Hobsbawm say was just being developed after the turning point of 1830?

4. What does Hobsbawm say was the greatest influence on political thought in the 19th century?

5. Where did the second wave of revolutions take place?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hobsbawm say the population was distributed in the 1780s?

2. What does Hobsbawm say was the third wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

3. Why did a period of peace follow the Napoleonic Wars, in Hobsbawm's account?

4. Describe the beginnings of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1792.

5. What does Hobsbawm say was the first wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

6. Who, in Hobsbawm's account, formed the foundation for what Hobsbawm calls "self-conscious' nationalism?

7. What was the effect, in Hobsbawm's account, of the American Revolution on the French Revolution?

8. What does Hobsbawm say were the monarchies' relationships with land use and the economy in 1780?

9. How did the French Revolution proceed from 1792 to 1794?

10. In what way does Hobsbawm say that the world was both bigger and smaller in the late 1700s?

(see the answer keys)

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