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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why didn't disagreements between nations reach the level of international war?
(a) Because the treaties signed after the French Revolution forbade it.
(b) Because the nations were bound by alliances.
(c) Because there was a relative balance of powers.
(d) Because the populaces had all been decimated.

2. Which nation was the exception to the rule that Europe was ruled by absolute monarchs, in the late 1700s?
(a) France.
(b) Austria.
(c) Russia.
(d) Britain.

3. Europe was ruled by Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and which nation?
(a) Russia.
(b) Greece.
(c) Romania.
(d) China.

4. What did the French Revolution create in Spain?
(a) Resistance to monarchy.
(b) New forms of government.
(c) Freedom movements in the Catalan region.
(d) Resistance to democracy.

5. Where does Hobsbawm see a culture combining nationalism with the revolutionary spirit of the French Revolution?
(a) Greece.
(b) Albania.
(c) Ireland.
(d) Poland.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what did England lead Europe, in Hobsbawm's account?

2. Why did the international congress among Europe's ruling nations dissolve after a few years?

3. What, in Hobsbawm's view, was the economic result of the French Revolution?

4. Which of the revolutions that took place in the first wave of revolutions after the French Revolution was NOT suppressed?

5. In what way does Hobsbawm say the world was smaller in 1789?

Short Essay Questions

1. In Hobsbawm's account, why was 1830 a turning point in the history of Europe?

2. What does Hobsbawm say was the paradox of progress in certain countries of Europe?

3. How does Hobsbawm say the population was distributed in the 1780s?

4. What was the effect, in Hobsbawm's account, of the American Revolution on the French Revolution?

5. How did the Napoleonic Wars affect the slave trade, in Hobsbawm's account?

6. What role did the cotton market play in the Industrial Revolution, in Hobsbawm's account?

7. What does Hobsbawm say was the first wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

8. Who, in Hobsbawm's account, formed the foundation for what Hobsbawm calls "self-conscious' nationalism?

9. Why does Hobsbawm say that raw materials like iron and coal did not expand the same way as cotton began to expand in the 1780s?

10. Describe the final defeat of the French forces at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

(see the answer keys)

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