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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did the French Revolution create in Spain?
(a) Resistance to democracy.
(b) New forms of government.
(c) Resistance to monarchy.
(d) Freedom movements in the Catalan region.

2. Where did the second wave of revolutions take place?
(a) Albania and Romania.
(b) Turkey and Greece.
(c) Prussia.
(d) Ireland and Poland.

3. What did revolutionaries see as the goal of their revolutions?
(a) Making aristocratic government responsive to commoners' needs.
(b) Making revolution a permanent aspect of society.
(c) Giving government back to the people.
(d) Seizing control over government.

4. In what way does Hobsbawm say the world was smaller in 1789?
(a) Hobsbawm says that the cities were smaller.
(b) Hobsbawm says that the population was smaller.
(c) Hobsbawm says that the families were smaller.
(d) Hobsbawm says that the Earth was smaller.

5. What was the result of improvements in the technology of spinning and weaving?
(a) Decreased farm size.
(b) Increased output.
(c) Increased tax revenue from the cotton trade.
(d) Decreased need for labor.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Hobsbawm say revolts turned against in this period?

2. What product does Hobsbawm say was the catalyst for the Industrial Revolution?

3. What was production freed from in the 1780s?

4. What happened that fostered nationalist movements in the Balkans?

5. How large were the circles within which people moved in the late 1700s, according to Hobsbawm?

Short Essay Questions

1. What conditions made Britain ripe for the Industrial Revolution, according to Hobsbawm?

2. What were the geographical consequences of the Napoleonic Wars, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. Describe the final defeat of the French forces at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

4. What was the importance of railroads, in Hobsbawm's account, in the Industrial Revolution?

5. Who, in Hobsbawm's account, formed the foundation for what Hobsbawm calls "self-conscious' nationalism?

6. What does Hobsbawm say is the difference between revolts and national movements?

7. Why does Hobsbawm say that raw materials like iron and coal did not expand the same way as cotton began to expand in the 1780s?

8. How does Hobsbawm say that the nationalistic ideal spread through Europe?

9. In Hobsbawm's account, how strong were the major European nations by the end of the Napoleonic Wars?

10. In what way does Hobsbawm say that the world was both bigger and smaller in the late 1700s?

(see the answer keys)

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