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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What pressure drove the mechanization of production in the late 1700s?
(a) The need for monopoly.
(b) The need for profit.
(c) The need to dominate trade routes.
(d) The need for mercantile power.

2. Which industry saw special improvements and expansion in the late 1700s, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) Magnesium.
(b) Iron.
(c) Coal.
(d) Copper.

3. What does Hobsbawm say the major European powers agreed on after the French Revolution?
(a) Revolutions should be used as tools for developing nationalism.
(b) Revolutions should be a way of eliminating the aristocrats.
(c) Revolutionary movements should be contained.
(d) Revolutions should be used to reinforce the ruling class.

4. Why didn't disagreements between nations reach the level of international war?
(a) Because the populaces had all been decimated.
(b) Because the nations were bound by alliances.
(c) Because the treaties signed after the French Revolution forbade it.
(d) Because there was a relative balance of powers.

5. Why does Hobsbawm say that the Industrial Revolution could only have happened in England?
(a) Becaue only Britain had the commercial strength and social conditions for it.
(b) Because the rest of the continent was consumed in war.
(c) Because the Industrial Revolution required a cooler climate.
(d) Because agriculture thrived in England's moister climate.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Hobsbawm say was the new law of businesses in the late 1700s?

2. Who invested in the railroads, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. Where did the second wave of revolutions take place?

4. What does Hobsbawm say was the greatest influence on political thought in the 19th century?

5. What cause did Russian and Britain support together after the French Revolution?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the final defeat of the French forces at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

2. What were the geographical consequences of the Napoleonic Wars, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. Why did a period of peace follow the Napoleonic Wars, in Hobsbawm's account?

4. How did the Napoleonic Wars affect the slave trade, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. Describe Robespierre's influence on the French Revolution.

6. What does Hobsbawm say is the difference between revolts and national movements?

7. In Hobsbawm's account, how strong were the major European nations by the end of the Napoleonic Wars?

8. Who, in Hobsbawm's account, formed the foundation for what Hobsbawm calls "self-conscious' nationalism?

9. What conditions made Britain ripe for the Industrial Revolution, according to Hobsbawm?

10. What was the importance of railroads, in Hobsbawm's account, in the Industrial Revolution?

(see the answer keys)

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