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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did the French monarch make a practice of in the 1780s?
(a) Selling government positions to noblemen.
(b) Ostracizing radicals and innovators.
(c) Persecuting heretics and dissenters.
(d) Placing competent men in bureaucratic positions.

2. Who does Hobsbawm say the revolutionary groups saw as the beneficiaries of their third wave of revolutions?
(a) Marx and Ricardo.
(b) Radicals and revolutionaries everywhere.
(c) All common people everywhere.
(d) The merchants of the world.

3. In what fields were cultural developments being made fastest in the late 1700s, according to Hobsbawm?
(a) Morality and ethics.
(b) Science and commerce.
(c) Religion and philosophy.
(d) Arts and music.

4. The merchant class was situated between what and what, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) Political theory and practice.
(b) Farmers and craftsmen.
(c) Part-time craftsmen and markets.
(d) Industrial labor and aristocrats.

5. What did the French Revolution create in Spain?
(a) Freedom movements in the Catalan region.
(b) Resistance to democracy.
(c) Resistance to monarchy.
(d) New forms of government.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did the international congress among Europe's ruling nations dissolve after a few years?

2. What cause did Russia and Britain disagree over after the French Revolution?

3. Why didn't France invade any territories after the French Revolution?

4. What was the Bastille a symbol of when the French stormed it in 1789?

5. What group does Hobsbawm say typified the revolutionary groups that became active in 1848?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hobsbawm say that the nationalistic ideal spread through Europe?

2. In Hobsbawm's account, was the Napoleonic War worth the destruction it caused for the economic benefits that followed?

3. What was the importance of railroads, in Hobsbawm's account, in the Industrial Revolution?

4. Describe the effect of the Greek revolution on Greece and the region.

5. Where does Hobsbawm say the European nations expanded their influence, for lack of war in Europe?

6. What does Hobsbawm say was the paradox of progress in certain countries of Europe?

7. What does Hobsbawm say was the first wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

8. What does Hobsbawm say was the second wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

9. In what way does Hobsbawm say that the world was both bigger and smaller in the late 1700s?

10. Describe the beginnings of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1792.

(see the answer keys)

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