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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?
(a) They seemed to lack the quality that had allowed others to move into the middle class.
(b) They knew how to perform the manual labor that others no longer performed.
(c) They seemed to be freer than the middle class, who had to be ambitious to get ahead.
(d) They did not need to finance their lives with untrustworthy paper money.

2. What was the one nation Hobsbawm says could have been considered industrialized in 1848?
(a) Russia.
(b) America.
(c) France.
(d) Britain.

3. When, in Hobsbawm's opinion, did the rate of change begin to increase quickly?
(a) 1848.
(b) 1815.
(c) 1832.
(d) 1830.

4. What was the state of science in the period after the French Revolution?
(a) It was advancing and clashing with the church.
(b) It was developing slowly behind philosophy and literature.
(c) It was still riddled with superstitions and religious stories.
(d) It still held that the world was flat.

5. How does Hobsbawm describe Romanticism?
(a) As an 'extremist crowd'.
(b) It was highly aesthetic.
(c) It proposed new ways of representing reality.
(d) It valued conformity.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the land have to be turned into before it could be developed economically, in Hobsbawm's opinion?

2. In what way does Hobsbawm say that religion was still useful?

3. What was increasing at the same time that the railroads were expanding in the 1830s?

4. What did working-class organizers promise the workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew wider?

5. What distinguished the new class of workers that emerged in the Age of Revolution?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did those in power react to the spread of middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

2. What works marked the beginning and the peak, respectively, of middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. How does Hobsbawm define middle class ideology?

4. Who does Hobsbawm say was most receptive to Romanticism, and why?

5. What happened in France while the rest of Europe was industrializing?

6. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

7. What had to happen to land use practices, in Hobsbawm's account, for capitalism to take hold in Europe?

8. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

9. What opportunities were open because of the Industrial Revolution that were not open before, in Hobsbawm's account?

10. What does Hobsbawm say labor organizers were promising workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew?

(see the answer keys)

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