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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what way did conservative thinkers resist middle class ideology?
(a) By studying ancient cultures.
(b) By inciting revolutions to revert to ancient values.
(c) By advocating for international trade.
(d) By appealing to history and tradition.

2. How were Charles Dickens' novels connected to the politics of Dickens' time, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) They depicted the history of industrialism.
(b) They depicted the horrible working class conditions.
(c) They depicted the eternal struggles of boys and men.
(d) They depicted the consequences of the Napoleonic Wars.

3. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?
(a) They seemed to be freer than the middle class, who had to be ambitious to get ahead.
(b) They did not need to finance their lives with untrustworthy paper money.
(c) They seemed to lack the quality that had allowed others to move into the middle class.
(d) They knew how to perform the manual labor that others no longer performed.

4. What was the consequence of British land reforms in India?
(a) Economic failure.
(b) Decreased agricultural production.
(c) Unprecedented efficiency.
(d) Guerilla warfare against the British.

5. In what way does Hobsbawm say that religion was still useful?
(a) As a prop to secure the middle class.
(b) As propaganda to justify xenophobia.
(c) As nostalgia for an earlier golden age.
(d) As propaganda to build nationalism.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what respect does Hobsbawm say that Britain was well-situated as industrialism expanded?

2. How was Mozart's Magic Flute connected to the politics of Mozart's time, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. How was the European population changing that made it possible for art to flourish during the Age of Revolution?

4. What developed in other European countries, but not in France?

5. Who were the working poor typically rebelling against, in Hobsbawm's account?

Short Essay Questions

1. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

2. How did those in power react to the spread of middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. What does Hobsbawm say labor organizers were promising workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew?

4. How does Hobsbawm say France in particular created opportunities for a new middle class?

5. Who does Hobsbawm say was most receptive to Romanticism, and why?

6. What opportunities were open because of the Industrial Revolution that were not open before, in Hobsbawm's account?

7. How does Hobsbawm say religion was changing after the French Revolution?

8. What happened in France while the rest of Europe was industrializing?

9. Why, in Hobsbawm's account, was Britain the only industrialized nation in 1848?

10. What works marked the beginning and the peak, respectively, of middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

(see the answer keys)

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