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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was changing in the role religion played in people's lives, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) It was becoming merely ceremonial.
(b) It was becoming more radical.
(c) It was in general decline.
(d) It was expanding into poor neighborhoods.

2. What did the land have to be turned into before it could be developed economically, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) Farmland again, after years of being battefields.
(b) A tamed beast.
(c) A commodity that could be bought and sold.
(d) Feudal domains.

3. Who does Hobsbawm say typified the third kind of thinking that arose in the early 1800s?
(a) Rousseau and Hegel.
(b) Wordsworth and Blake.
(c) Goethe.
(d) Coleridge.

4. What was the consequence of French land reforms in North Africa, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) They brought civilization to North Africa for the first time.
(b) They stripped away the wealth of the North African countries.
(c) They created a discontented class of people who eventually revolted.
(d) They installed local officials as a new aristocracy.

5. What stage was the political theory in when the organizers were making promises to the workers in the mid-1800s?
(a) It was establishing coalitions with policemen, soldiers, and union leaders to present demands and back them with force.
(b) It was not well-organized enough to be a threat.
(c) It was meeting the political will to begin to strive towards achieving its goals.
(d) It was still a lot of dreaming by people who were powerless to act.

Short Answer Questions

1. What landmark event does Hobsbawm see as the peak of the middle class ideology?

2. What profession emerged in France as a result of Napoleon?

3. How did many countries impose this transformation of land use on the people?

4. In Hobsbawm's account, what did the peasantry gain by land reforms sweeping the globe in the mid-1800s?

5. Which religion was expanding from Turkey through Africa and to the east?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hobsbawm say religion was changing after the French Revolution?

2. What does Hobsbawm say labor organizers were promising workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew?

3. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

4. Why was France's economy left behind, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. Why were Jews and Protestants in particular successful and socially mobile, in Hobsbawm's account?

6. How does Hobsbawm describe the class tensions surrounding the new middle class?

7. How does Hobsbawm define middle class ideology?

8. What does Hobsbawm say was the third kind of secular thought that developed during the middle of the nineteenth century?

9. How does Hobsbawm describe the working class' living conditions?

10. What opportunities were open because of the Industrial Revolution that were not open before, in Hobsbawm's account?

(see the answer keys)

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