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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did the land have to be turned into before it could be developed economically, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) A tamed beast.
(b) A commodity that could be bought and sold.
(c) Farmland again, after years of being battefields.
(d) Feudal domains.

2. In Hobsbawm's account, what did the peasantry lose by land reforms sweeping the globe in the mid-1800s?
(a) Ambition.
(b) Protections.
(c) Dependence on local government.
(d) Freedom.

3. What view of society was beginning to be adopted widely, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) A liberal view.
(b) A conservative view.
(c) A mechanical view.
(d) A spiritual view.

4. In Hobsbawm's account, what happened in France as industrialism expanded in neighboring countries?
(a) Land reforms from the French Revolution tied land use to the peasantry, and the economy did not take off.
(b) France industrialized quickly, as the soldiers returned from the Napoleonic Wars and went to work in factories.
(c) Economic development was slow for lack of investors willing to put money in French factories.
(d) The economy was paralyzed by the veterans returning from the wars to the small plots of land Napoleon had promised.

5. What does Hobsbawm say was the realm of all important thought at the time?
(a) It was literary.
(b) It was secular.
(c) It was religious.
(d) It was political.

Short Answer Questions

1. What distinguished the new class of workers that emerged in the Age of Revolution?

2. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?

3. What was NOT a source to which Hobsbawm attributes the development of the arts during the industrialization of Europe?

4. What contribution does Hobsbawm say the Industrial Revolution made to the arts?

5. What was the political ideology behind the organizers' promises to the working poor?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why, in Hobsbawm's account, was Britain the only industrialized nation in 1848?

2. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

3. What happened in France while the rest of Europe was industrializing?

4. Why does Hobsbawm describe the changing use of the landscape "the most catastrophic phenomenon" of the period?

5. How did the working poor act out politically, when they did act out, in Hobsbawm's account?

6. How, in Hobsbawm's account, did European land reforms fare in other places?

7. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

8. What does Hobsbawm say was increasing around 1848?

9. What opportunities were open because of the Industrial Revolution that were not open before, in Hobsbawm's account?

10. How does Hobsbawm describe the working class' living conditions?

(see the answer keys)

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