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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was Chartism?
(a) A movement that called for election and parliamentary reform.
(b) A movement to send workers to domesticate unexplored territories.
(c) A movement to abolish the monarchy in Prussia.
(d) A movement to unify the workers of the world.

2. Which religion was expanding from Turkey through Africa and to the east?
(a) Confucianism.
(b) Islam.
(c) Shinto.
(d) Hinduism.

3. In what way does Hobsbawm say that religion was still useful?
(a) As propaganda to build nationalism.
(b) As nostalgia for an earlier golden age.
(c) As a prop to secure the middle class.
(d) As propaganda to justify xenophobia.

4. What did the new view hold that was spreading through Europe?
(a) The spiritual unification of humanity in a global community.
(b) The improvability of the system by engineers and scientists.
(c) The progress of society through reason and philosophical enlightenment.
(d) The value of tradition in ritual and mystery.

5. How did Hobsbawm characterize the change in the way that people related to the land, and the way land was related to the economy?
(a) As the most catastrophic phenomenon of the period.
(b) As the least recognized phenomenon of the period.
(c) As the most lucrative development of the period.
(d) As the least forgivable development of the period.

Short Answer Questions

1. What developed in other European countries, but not in France?

2. How religious does Hobsbawm say the working classes were, by modern standards?

3. What profession emerged in France as a result of Napoleon?

4. What capability was open to the middle class, as a result of the age of revolutions, that was not open before the revolutions?

5. What view of society was beginning to be adopted widely, in Hobsbawm's account?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hobsbawm describe the working class' living conditions?

2. What opportunities were open because of the Industrial Revolution that were not open before, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. How does Hobsbawm say religion was changing after the French Revolution?

4. What does Hobsbawm say was increasing around 1848?

5. What does Hobsbawm say labor organizers were promising workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew?

6. What role did religion serve, even as Europe was becoming more secular?

7. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

8. Why, in Hobsbawm's account, was Britain the only industrialized nation in 1848?

9. How does Hobsbawm say France in particular created opportunities for a new middle class?

10. How did the working poor act out politically, when they did act out, in Hobsbawm's account?

(see the answer keys)

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