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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what way does Hobsbawm say that religion was still useful?
(a) As propaganda to build nationalism.
(b) As propaganda to justify xenophobia.
(c) As a prop to secure the middle class.
(d) As nostalgia for an earlier golden age.

2. What was the consequence of French land reforms in North Africa, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) They created a discontented class of people who eventually revolted.
(b) They installed local officials as a new aristocracy.
(c) They brought civilization to North Africa for the first time.
(d) They stripped away the wealth of the North African countries.

3. What does Hobsbawm say was the realm of all important thought at the time?
(a) It was literary.
(b) It was political.
(c) It was religious.
(d) It was secular.

4. What view of society was beginning to be adopted widely, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) A mechanical view.
(b) A liberal view.
(c) A conservative view.
(d) A spiritual view.

5. Why did places that had not been conquered by France reform their land use, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) They were inspired by France's example.
(b) They didn't want to be left behind as other countries reformed.
(c) They were afraid of their peasantry rising up.
(d) They saw the benefits of reforming land use.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what way, in Hobsbawm's account, did the nobility use religion?

2. What contribution does Hobsbawm say the French Revolution made to the arts?

3. What motive does Hobsbawm say would have to motivate the new owners of the land, if the land were going to develop economically?

4. In what respect does Hobsbawm say that Britain was well-situated as industrialism expanded?

5. What contrast became very clear as industrialism developed in Europe?

Short Essay Questions

1. What examples does Hobsbawm cite to demonstrate his point that the arts were responsive to the socioeconomic conditions in Europe in the mid-1800s?

2. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

3. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

4. Why were Jews and Protestants in particular successful and socially mobile, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. What are the three sources Hobsbawm refers to when he says that artists made the effects of industrialization a common theme?

6. What does Hobsbawm say were the three paths a working class person could choose in 1848?

7. What does Hobsbawm say was growing along with and as a result of Protestantism?

8. Why was France's economy left behind, in Hobsbawm's account?

9. How does Hobsbawm describe France's effect on land reform?

10. What does Hobsbawm say was the third kind of secular thought that developed during the middle of the nineteenth century?

(see the answer keys)

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