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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the one nation Hobsbawm says could have been considered industrialized in 1848?
(a) Russia.
(b) America.
(c) France.
(d) Britain.

2. What was the state of science in the period after the French Revolution?
(a) It was still riddled with superstitions and religious stories.
(b) It was developing slowly behind philosophy and literature.
(c) It still held that the world was flat.
(d) It was advancing and clashing with the church.

3. In what way, in Hobsbawm's account, did the nobility use religion?
(a) As a prop to demonstrate their conspicuous leisure.
(b) As a source of stability and legitimacy.
(c) As an expensive charity to donate to.
(d) As a club to keep the lower classes down.

4. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?
(a) They did not need to finance their lives with untrustworthy paper money.
(b) They seemed to lack the quality that had allowed others to move into the middle class.
(c) They seemed to be freer than the middle class, who had to be ambitious to get ahead.
(d) They knew how to perform the manual labor that others no longer performed.

5. What possibility did this social structure open to French society?
(a) It became a place where aristocrats could regain their property and standing.
(b) It became a place where new immigrants could attain citizenship.
(c) It became a place where talent could succeed regardless of wealth or birth.
(d) It became a place where the monarch could appoint friends and supporters.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which author did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?

2. What stage was the political theory in when the organizers were making promises to the workers in the mid-1800s?

3. Where were Protestant sects at the head of religious revivals?

4. What social structure attended the profession that emerged in France as a result of Napoleon?

5. What motive does Hobsbawm say would have to motivate the new owners of the land, if the land were going to develop economically?

Short Essay Questions

1. What role did religion serve, even as Europe was becoming more secular?

2. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

3. How, in Hobsbawm's account, did European land reforms fare in other places?

4. What does Hobsbawm say was the third kind of secular thought that developed during the middle of the nineteenth century?

5. Why was France's economy left behind, in Hobsbawm's account?

6. How does Hobsbawm describe the working class' living conditions?

7. Why were Jews and Protestants in particular successful and socially mobile, in Hobsbawm's account?

8. How does Hobsbawm say religion was changing after the French Revolution?

9. What had to happen to land use practices, in Hobsbawm's account, for capitalism to take hold in Europe?

10. What does Hobsbawm say were the three paths a working class person could choose in 1848?

(see the answer keys)

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