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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which religions gained adherents after the French Revolution?
(a) Paganism and Protestantism.
(b) Protestantism and folk religions.
(c) Islam and Protestantism.
(d) Hinduism and Islam.

2. In Hobsbawm's account, what did the peasantry lose by land reforms sweeping the globe in the mid-1800s?
(a) Dependence on local government.
(b) Freedom.
(c) Protections.
(d) Ambition.

3. What did working-class organizers promise the workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew wider?
(a) Power to rule in the aristocrats' place, with all of the aristocrats' luxuries.
(b) Ownership of the means of production.
(c) Equal representation in legislative and judiciary functions of government.
(d) A permanent change in society that recognized their importance as the source of all wealth.

4. What state were other economies in 1848?
(a) They were building the foundations for modern agricultural techniques.
(b) They were still linked to agriculture.
(c) They were refining slave-based production methods.
(d) They were developing politically.

5. Which religion was expanding from Turkey through Africa and to the east?
(a) Shinto.
(b) Confucianism.
(c) Islam.
(d) Hinduism.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the new view hold that was spreading through Europe?

2. Which author did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?

3. What was the consequence of British land reforms in India?

4. What was a consequence of the emergence of a new class of people in European society?

5. How did this social structure change in the years after the Napoleonic Wars?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hobsbawm say were the three paths a working class person could choose in 1848?

2. What does Hobsbawm say was the third kind of secular thought that developed during the middle of the nineteenth century?

3. What role did religion serve, even as Europe was becoming more secular?

4. What examples does Hobsbawm cite to demonstrate his point that the arts were responsive to the socioeconomic conditions in Europe in the mid-1800s?

5. What works marked the beginning and the peak, respectively, of middle class ideology, in Hobsbawm's account?

6. How does Hobsbawm describe the class tensions surrounding the new middle class?

7. What happened in France while the rest of Europe was industrializing?

8. What had to happen to land use practices, in Hobsbawm's account, for capitalism to take hold in Europe?

9. Why were Jews and Protestants in particular successful and socially mobile, in Hobsbawm's account?

10. How does Hobsbawm say religion was changing after the French Revolution?

(see the answer keys)

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