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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What fell away as industrialism developed in Europe?
(a) Sons following into their fathers' professions.
(b) Protestantism.
(c) Secularism.
(d) Apprenticeship.

2. What view of society was beginning to be adopted widely, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) A spiritual view.
(b) A conservative view.
(c) A liberal view.
(d) A mechanical view.

3. What did working-class organizers promise the workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew wider?
(a) A permanent change in society that recognized their importance as the source of all wealth.
(b) Power to rule in the aristocrats' place, with all of the aristocrats' luxuries.
(c) Ownership of the means of production.
(d) Equal representation in legislative and judiciary functions of government.

4. What motive does Hobsbawm say would have to motivate the new owners of the land, if the land were going to develop economically?
(a) The profit motive.
(b) Communist sympathy.
(c) Altruism.
(d) The urge to power.

5. What was Chartism?
(a) A movement to unify the workers of the world.
(b) A movement to send workers to domesticate unexplored territories.
(c) A movement to abolish the monarchy in Prussia.
(d) A movement that called for election and parliamentary reform.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why were Jews particularly well-suited to take advantage of opportunities to join the new middle class?

2. What caused the middle class ideology to decline, in Hobsbawm's account?

3. What landmark event does Hobsbawm see as the peak of the middle class ideology?

4. What is the paradox in France's failure to develop its industries?

5. What was the state of science in the period after the French Revolution?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why, in Hobsbawm's account, was Britain the only industrialized nation in 1848?

2. How, in Hobsbawm's account, did European land reforms fare in other places?

3. What does Hobsbawm say was growing along with and as a result of Protestantism?

4. Why were Jews and Protestants in particular successful and socially mobile, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. Which artist does Hobsbawm cite as examples of the high standards reached in the arts in the mid-1800s?

6. Which religions were expanding as the Catholic Church's importance was declining?

7. What examples does Hobsbawm cite to demonstrate his point that the arts were responsive to the socioeconomic conditions in Europe in the mid-1800s?

8. What does Hobsbawm say was the third kind of secular thought that developed during the middle of the nineteenth century?

9. How does Hobsbawm describe the working class' living conditions?

10. How does Hobsbawm define middle class ideology?

(see the answer keys)

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