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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the Code of Napoleon?

2. What were the dates of the Napoleonic Wars?

3. Why did the French state have a financial crisis in the 1780s?

4. What quality distinguished the revolutions that took place in 1848 from earlier revolutions, according to Hobsbawm?

5. What was the result of improvements in the technology of spinning and weaving?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hobsbawm say the population was distributed in the 1780s?

2. Describe the beginnings of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1792.

3. What role did the cotton market play in the Industrial Revolution, in Hobsbawm's account?

4. Describe the effect of the Greek revolution on Greece and the region.

5. What does Hobsbawm say was the first wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

6. In Hobsbawm's account, was the Napoleonic War worth the destruction it caused for the economic benefits that followed?

7. Why does Hobsbawm say that raw materials like iron and coal did not expand the same way as cotton began to expand in the 1780s?

8. What does Hobsbawm say was the third wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

9. What was the importance of railroads, in Hobsbawm's account, in the Industrial Revolution?

10. Where does Hobsbawm say the European nations expanded their influence, for lack of war in Europe?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Make a brief time line of the changes that were taking place in America from 1789 to 1848. How was the shape of the nation changing? How were the politics changing, and the arts and technology?

Essay Topic 2

Not everyone was thrilled by the development of a new middle class, a new middle class ideology, and a Romantic or liberal perspective on history, culture, and the arts. Describe the opposition to progress, Romanticism, liberalism, and Communism. Who were the groups, classes or individuals who resisted the revolutions that changed the world in the 19th century?

Essay Topic 3

Hobsbawm describes the importance of nationalism in the development of a middle class that had developed its own characteristic ideology, which was marked by a faith in a universe that progressed either toward spiritual fulfillment (Hegel) or communism (Marx). Both of these conclusions were for the mass, though, and it would not be until Freud that people could see the difficulties of being individuals within a mass or nation.

Write an essay that addresses the importance of nationalism in your life. In what ways are you a national creature? Does your nationalism interfere with or obscure your individuality?

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