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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who dominated the Third Estate in the 1780s in France?

2. Who does Hobsbawm say rose to prominence financing the wars?

3. Why didn't disagreements between nations reach the level of international war?

4. Which of the revolutions that took place in the first wave of revolutions after the French Revolution was NOT suppressed?

5. What cause did Russia and Britain disagree over after the French Revolution?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Robespierre's influence on the French Revolution.

2. What does Hobsbawm say were the monarchies' relationships with land use and the economy in 1780?

3. What does Hobsbawm say was the second wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

4. In Hobsbawm's account, was the Napoleonic War worth the destruction it caused for the economic benefits that followed?

5. What does Hobsbawm say is the difference between revolts and national movements?

6. Who, in Hobsbawm's account, formed the foundation for what Hobsbawm calls "self-conscious' nationalism?

7. How did the Napoleonic Wars affect the slave trade, in Hobsbawm's account?

8. What role did the cotton market play in the Industrial Revolution, in Hobsbawm's account?

9. What does Hobsbawm say was the first wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

10. Why does Hobsbawm say that raw materials like iron and coal did not expand the same way as cotton began to expand in the 1780s?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Not everyone was thrilled by the development of a new middle class, a new middle class ideology, and a Romantic or liberal perspective on history, culture, and the arts. Describe the opposition to progress, Romanticism, liberalism, and Communism. Who were the groups, classes or individuals who resisted the revolutions that changed the world in the 19th century?

Essay Topic 2

What are Hobsbawm's historiographical priorities? What historiographical methods characterize his work? What themes is he interested in? How does he explore them? Compare this work (or contrast it) with other works of history you have read.

Essay Topic 3

Make a brief time line of the changes that were taking place in America from 1789 to 1848. How was the shape of the nation changing? How were the politics changing, and the arts and technology?

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