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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Hobsbawm say that the Industrial Revolution could only have happened in England?

2. How did the concept of nationalism spread through Europe?

3. The merchant class was situated between what and what, in Hobsbawm's account?

4. In what did England lead Europe, in Hobsbawm's account?

5. What did the monarchy do in response to France's financial crisis in the 1780s?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did a period of peace follow the Napoleonic Wars, in Hobsbawm's account?

2. What does Hobsbawm say were the monarchies' relationships with land use and the economy in 1780?

3. In Hobsbawm's account, how strong were the major European nations by the end of the Napoleonic Wars?

4. What does Hobsbawm say was the first wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

5. What role did the cotton market play in the Industrial Revolution, in Hobsbawm's account?

6. Why does Hobsbawm say that raw materials like iron and coal did not expand the same way as cotton began to expand in the 1780s?

7. What does Hobsbawm say was the second wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

8. How does Hobsbawm say the population was distributed in the 1780s?

9. What does Hobsbawm say is the difference between revolts and national movements?

10. Describe Robespierre's influence on the French Revolution.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast Communism in the economy and Romanticism in the arts as two responses to industrialization. How are they related? How are they different manifestations of reactions against the same cultural environment?

Essay Topic 2

Make a brief time line of the changes that were taking place in America from 1789 to 1848. How was the shape of the nation changing? How were the politics changing, and the arts and technology?

Essay Topic 3

70How does the Age of Revolution look if you discard the superlatives and try to see merely the new, small, day-to-day changes that made life markedly different from one year to the next over a period of 50 to 70 years? Write an extended journal entry or a series of short essays to describe what it must have been like for nineteenth-century Europeans to experience such a long period of consistent change.

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