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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the nobility do when France became a Constitutional monarchy?

2. What does Hobsbawm say is the dual root of nationalism in Europe?

3. Why didn't disagreements between nations reach the level of international war?

4. What group does Hobsbawm say typified the revolutionary groups that became active in 1848?

5. What did the French Revolution demonstrate to the rest of Europe?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what way does Hobsbawm say that the world was both bigger and smaller in the late 1700s?

2. What does Hobsbawm say is the difference between revolts and national movements?

3. How did the French Revolution proceed from 1792 to 1794?

4. In Hobsbawm's account, why was 1830 a turning point in the history of Europe?

5. In Hobsbawm's account, how strong were the major European nations by the end of the Napoleonic Wars?

6. Who, in Hobsbawm's account, formed the foundation for what Hobsbawm calls "self-conscious' nationalism?

7. What does Hobsbawm say was the second wave of revolutions to follow the French Revolution?

8. Describe the final defeat of the French forces at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

9. Why does Hobsbawm say that raw materials like iron and coal did not expand the same way as cotton began to expand in the 1780s?

10. How did the Napoleonic Wars affect the slave trade, in Hobsbawm's account?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Make a brief time line of the changes that were taking place in America from 1789 to 1848. How was the shape of the nation changing? How were the politics changing, and the arts and technology?

Essay Topic 2

Who are the main characters in Hobsbawm's "The Age of Revolution"? Is it the nations themselves, or the political parties, or industries characters? Does Hobsbawm describe them as individual characters? Cite a few instances of how Hobsbawm relates individuals to parties, and individual experience to historical developments.

Essay Topic 3

Hobsbawm describes the importance of nationalism in the development of a middle class that had developed its own characteristic ideology, which was marked by a faith in a universe that progressed either toward spiritual fulfillment (Hegel) or communism (Marx). Both of these conclusions were for the mass, though, and it would not be until Freud that people could see the difficulties of being individuals within a mass or nation.

Write an essay that addresses the importance of nationalism in your life. In what ways are you a national creature? Does your nationalism interfere with or obscure your individuality?

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