2. Frick's chairmanship of the Carnegie Company marks a difficult period in its history starting with what strike in 1892 and a four year depression from 1893.

3. Carnegie tries to use public relations, legislative action and threatens who to drive shipping costs down?

4. From 1872 through ________, Carnegie builds an integrated industrial business to become the best-known manufacturer in the world, publishes three books, travels around the world, and becomes a philanthropist with the express intent to give away his fortune.

5. Frick shares Carnegie's vision and drive but is self-righteous and lacks what?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the firm and the new mill.

2. Describe the deficiency that Carnegie corrected by integrating Keystone Bridge and Union Iron?

3. Who is Homestead? How does Carnegie deal with Homestead?

4. What venture is formed between Tom Miller and Carnegie?

5. Carnegie's interest and insistence on cost-cutting leads him into more complex areas of manufacturing detail composition and chemistry. Give an example of this.

6. What does Carnegie do between 1872 and 1889?

7. How is Rockefeller involved in Carnegie's business?

8. What does Frick's chairmanship mark?

9. What is a second dimension necessary to effect this integration?

10. Describe Duqesne Steel.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Carnegie forces out all partners but Schwab and brings in "young geniuses" who prove their merit.

Part 1) Describe this forcing out of the partners except Schwab. Why is Schwab kept? How is he unique from the other partners? How might these other partners have felt about being ousted from the company? Should they have been forced out? Why or why not?

Part 2) Why does Carnegie believe that bringing in "young geniuses" is the answer to his problems? How do these "young geniuses" prove their merit? How was this decision to bring in new people beneficial to Carnegie and his company?

Part 3) How has business changed at this time? What other decisions does Carnegie make that reflect this change in the steel business? How are these decisions and actions significant?

Essay Topic 2

A typical pattern in the 19th century is that a community builds up around a few pioneers who leave their homeland and then encourage friends and relatives to join them.

Part 1) How was this the case for the Carnegies? How did they benefit from this? How might this have affected communities in the U.S.?

Part 2) How would this affect one's ability to acclimate to the American culture? What might have been considered American culture at this time? Explain.

Part 3) How are these communities still seen today? Why do these ethnic communities still exist?

Essay Topic 3

Carnegie's insistence on knowing the costs continues for his twenty-five years in the steel business.

Part 1) How and why does cost matter throughout Carnegie's career in the steel business, as well as previous business ventures? How might this compare to the importance of cost to other companies? Use the text to support your response.

Part 2) How has this focus on cost influenced other businesses? How does it continue to be important to businesses today? How does this focus on cost aid in the creation of big business?

Part 3) When you make important decisions, on what do you focus? What aspects of a decision are important to you? How does your decision-making process compare to Carnegie's?

(see the answer keys)

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