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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Henry Phipps reviews blast furnace operations where flue-cinders are thrown away. What happens to puddling furnace cinders?

2. Frick's chairmanship of the Carnegie Company marks a difficult period in its history starting with what strike in 1892 and a four year depression from 1893.

3. One of the country's largest banking houses Jay Cooke's collapses, credit structures tumble and _____________ businesses fail in a year.

4. Who rescues Merritt's Mesabi Range from bankruptcy?

5. Carnegie follows the successful path of building through a depression and lack of customers by ________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Duqesne Steel.

2. Describe Carnegie's replacement of equipment.

3. How does Carnegie rely on the McCallum system?

4. Why does Carnegie hire Alexander Holley?

5. Describe American steel companies between 1870 and 1900.

6. What are the benefits of the Cyclops and Union Mills merger?

7. Who is Homestead? How does Carnegie deal with Homestead?

8. Why does Andrew not help Tom Scott? What are the effects of this decision?

9. How does Carnegie benefit from cutting costs?

10. What does Schwab do for the business?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

After Carnegie's apprenticeship ends at the Pennsylvania Railroad, he is ready to move on.

Part 1) Why does he decide it is time to move on? Is this a good decision? Why or why not? To where does he move on? Why?

Part 2) How does this move change his life? Do you believe he would have been successful if he had stayed at the Pennsylvania Railroad? Why or why not?

Part 3 ) Describe a time when you have realized it was time for a change. How did you know? How did you go about this change? What were the end results?

Essay Topic 2

The Panic of 1873 is significant.

Part 1) Describe the Panic of 1873. How does it begin? How are businesses and ordinary citizens affected by it? How does the country pull out of this panic? How does this panic compare to the 1929 Crash and the Great Depression that followed?

Part 2) Could this panic have been avoided? If so, how? If not, why not? Did the country learn from this panic? Why or why not?

Part 3) Could a panic such as this occur again? Why or why not? Have we as a country learned anything from this panic, the Crash of 1929, and other economic disasters? Explain.

Essay Topic 3

A typical pattern in the 19th century is that a community builds up around a few pioneers who leave their homeland and then encourage friends and relatives to join them.

Part 1) How was this the case for the Carnegies? How did they benefit from this? How might this have affected communities in the U.S.?

Part 2) How would this affect one's ability to acclimate to the American culture? What might have been considered American culture at this time? Explain.

Part 3) How are these communities still seen today? Why do these ethnic communities still exist?

(see the answer keys)

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