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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who is the cornerstone of Carnegie's fortune, followed in 1861 by Columbia Oil?

2. Carnegie is cautious in his investments by limiting them to what?

3. From 1867 through 1872, Andrew Carnegie joins the expansion trend by manipulating what stock to promote $30 million in stocks and bonds in Europe?

4. Why does Pullman gives Carnegie enough Pennsylvania stock to collateralize a $600,000 loan?

5. By ________, the Pennsylvania Railroad runs 3,500 miles of track with 30,000 employees and $61 million invested.

Short Essay Questions

1. What characterizes America? To what does this refer?

2. Describe Carnegie's investment in Keystone Bridge Company.

3. Describe Carnegie's rise in business by 1865.

4. How is Pittsburgh important at this time?

5. Describe the Columbia Oil Company.

6. What does Carnegie do in Europe?

7. How is Carnegie cautious in his investments? How might this help him throughout his career?

8. How does Carnegie determine he can profit from the boom in telegraphy?

9. What happens within two years of arriving in America?

10. How does Andrew benefit from his work delivering telegraph messages?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Carnegie's insistence on knowing the costs continues for his twenty-five years in the steel business.

Part 1) How and why does cost matter throughout Carnegie's career in the steel business, as well as previous business ventures? How might this compare to the importance of cost to other companies? Use the text to support your response.

Part 2) How has this focus on cost influenced other businesses? How does it continue to be important to businesses today? How does this focus on cost aid in the creation of big business?

Part 3) When you make important decisions, on what do you focus? What aspects of a decision are important to you? How does your decision-making process compare to Carnegie's?

Essay Topic 2

Andrew Carnegie emigrated from Scotland.

Part 1) When and why did he emigrate from Scotland? Describe his life upon arriving in the U.S. How did it compare to the lives of other immigrants?

Part 2) How did his family adjust to life in America? How did this affect Andrew? When did he get the opportunity for advancement? How was this a case of being in the right place at the right time?

Part 3) What might it be like to be an immigrant today? Might it be easier or harder to adjust to American life? Explain.

Essay Topic 3

Carnegie leaves Pittsburgh for New York City.

Part 1) Why does he decide to make this move? How is this connected to his decisions surrounding his business? How does he benefit from this move and the people he meets upon arriving in New York?

Part 2) Do you believe Carnegie would have been as successful as he was if he had stayed in Pittsburgh? Why or why not? Why was New York City an important place to be at this time? Is New York City as important today? If so, why? If not, why not?

Part 3) In what are you interested? What is the best place to be for this interest? Would you consider moving to this place? Why or why not? How might your life change by making this move?

(see the answer keys)

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