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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The process takes longer than expected, but by 1868 production begins, and expansion is planned in what year?
(a) 1892.
(b) 1862.
(c) 1882.
(d) 1872.

2. At thirty, Frick is a millionaire with _______ thousand coke ovens and three thousand acres of land.
(a) Two.
(b) Three.
(c) One.
(d) Four.

3. From 1872 through ________, Carnegie builds an integrated industrial business to become the best-known manufacturer in the world, publishes three books, travels around the world, and becomes a philanthropist with the express intent to give away his fortune.
(a) 1889.
(b) 1899.
(c) 1879.
(d) 1909.

4. Carnegie hires the expert ____________ to put the Bessemer program in place and function as its works superintendent.
(a) Tom Scott.
(b) John D. Rockefeller.
(c) Alexander Holley.
(d) J. Edgar Hoover.

5. The 1878 Thomas process of lime-lining the heating vessel to eliminate phosphorous is acquired by Carnegie and sold to who two years later?
(a) The Mellon Association.
(b) The John D. Rockefeller Association.
(c) The Roosevelt Association.
(d) The Bessemer Association.

6. At the age of ___________ Carnegie finds a wife for his home, a business successor and considers retirement.
(a) Fifty-four.
(b) Fifty.
(c) Sixty.
(d) Forty.

7. Henry Phipps reviews blast furnace operations where flue-cinders are thrown away. What happens to puddling furnace cinders?
(a) They are destroyed.
(b) They are thrown away.
(c) They cause pollution.
(d) They are used in the blast furnace.

8. Historically, management of the Carnegie companies resulted in _____ labor difficulties before the Homestead strike.
(a) Quite a few.
(b) Hundreds of.
(c) Few.
(d) Many.

9. William Coleman also shares Carnegie's interest and enthusiasm in what?
(a) Technology.
(b) Retail.
(c) Oil.
(d) Steel.

10. Corruption in construction of the Union Pacific Railroad is exposed with what scandal where congressmen get railroad stock to misuse public funds?
(a) The Credit Mobilier.
(b) Lawyergate.
(c) The Hatch Act.
(d) Newport Scandal.

11. Phipps sees possible gains in other operations and encourages Carnegie to hire who?
(a) A full-time chemist.
(b) A full-time biologist.
(c) A full-time conservationist.
(d) A full-time physicist.

12. In __________, Carnegie has the most modern operation.
(a) 1878.
(b) 1880.
(c) 1875.
(d) 1879.

13. Carnegie is praised by labor leaders and Frick is considered _____________.
(a) "Haughty and disdainful."
(b) "Carnegie's assistant."
(c) "Strange and righteous."
(d) "A hero."

14. Carnegie sells _____________ bonds to Junius Morgan in London to complete construction of the Edgar Thomson Works in 1875, and saves 25 percent in costs from the depression.
(a) $4,000.
(b) $40,000.
(c) $4 million.
(d) $400,000.

15. The start of ET construction coincides with what?
(a) Black Friday of 1873.
(b) The Great Depression of 1873.
(c) The Panic of 1873.
(d) The Crash of 1873.

Short Answer Questions

1. Carnegie forces another _____________ partners out until only Schwab survives, while bringing in "young geniuses" who prove their merit on cost sheets.

2. Phipps buys flue-cinder at fifty cents a ton and sells puddle-cinder at ________ per ton to improve Lucy furnace product and save money.

3. The partners want Frick to exercise power without Carnegie. Why?

4. However, by 1881, a competitor Homestead has the most modern equipment, but is plagued by what problems for two years?

5. Phipps takes Carnegie's cost-cutting seriously by having who analyze flue and puddle cinders?

(see the answer keys)

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