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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Aristotle's opinion, why were many people not swayed by sound arguments?

2. In the example provided by Aristotle, what was used to object to a common saying?

3. As discussed in Book III, Chapter 12, what should legal rhetoric blend argumentation with?

4. What about the past did Aristotle say that a legal orator was concerned with proving?

5. In order for an enthymeme to be successful, what recommendation did Aristotle have about its conclusion?

Short Essay Questions

1. As the second type of example, what were the two forms of the invented facts?

2. How did Aristotle define a maxim?

3. How did Aristotle compare a simile and a metaphor in Book III, Chapter 4?

4. Why might an enthymeme have been more effective with a surprising conclusion?

5. What were the four ways that Aristotle listed about how objections could be raised?

6. What clarification did Aristotle make about amplification, enthymemes, and the soundness of enthymemes at the end of the section?

7. In Aristotle's opinion, why were non-logical ways necessary to convince certain audiences of a sound argument?

8. Which example did Aristotle use to display the fallacious ways an enthymeme could be formed?

9. How did Aristotle define the application of vivid descriptions in rhetoric?

10. As explained by Aristotle, what four common mistakes were made while writing prose?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In the book, Aristotle discussed the three characterizations of sayings in prose.

1) Explain how antithesis sayings are used in rhetoric and provide three examples of them.

2) Describe how metaphors are used in rhetoric and provide three examples of them.

3) Explain how vivid descriptions are used in rhetoric and provide three examples of them.

4) Analyze when antithesis sayings, metaphors, and vivid descriptions would be the most effective in rhetoric or oratory.

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast enthymemes and examples in rhetoric. Include an analysis of the twenty eight forms of enthymemes, the two types of examples, Aristotle's reference to historical and political examples of both, and how enthymemes and examples were applied to rhetoric in general.

Essay Topic 3

Explain the many aspects and traits of virtue and justice, their value in epideictic rhetoric, and the techniques that Aristotle described for applying them to epideictic speaking.

(see the answer keys)

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