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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Aristotle define democracy in Book 2, Chapter 8?
(a) A representative elected by the majority.
(b) Two forms of government.
(c) The freedom of its citizens.
(d) Three branches of a government.

2. As explained in Book I, Chapter 3, which type of rhetoric attempted to convince a legislature to take a particular action?
(a) Political.
(b) Non-political.
(c) Tactical.
(d) National.

3. What were three examples of the voluntary causes for human action listed by Aristotle?
(a) Reasoning, anger, and appetite.
(b) Anger, compulsion, and appetite.
(c) Reasoning, compulsion, and appetite.
(d) Reasoning, anger, and compulsion.

4. In contrast to syllogism, how did Aristotle explain the difference between the arguments in enthymemes?
(a) They were less formal.
(b) They were more formal.
(c) They were more specific.
(d) They were less specific.

5. Why did Aristotle think the political rhetorician should show that their proposal was in line with the audience's happiness?
(a) To convince them to accept it.
(b) To help them understand it.
(c) To prevent them from forgetting it.
(d) To encourage them to consider it.

Short Answer Questions

1. Of the two kinds of witnesses, why did Aristotle think the ancient witnesses were useful?

2. When did Aristotle think "what is good" made one happy?

3. According to Aristotle, what was the orator's chief goal?

4. Which one of the following could be an example of the emotional appeal?

5. As Aristotle explained, in which situations would rhetoric be useful?

Short Essay Questions

1. Which ways should the political rhetorician consider the degree of goodness in forming a convincing argument?

2. Why did Aristotle think that kindness received no compensation?

3. How was dialectic defined and what was its connection to rhetoric?

4. Which causes of human action did Aristotle outline in Book I, Chapter 10, and which ones were voluntary?

5. What was the logical appeal that Aristotle referred to and when would it be used?

6. What benefits might ancient witnesses and recent witnesses have for legal rhetoric?

7. What did oaths add to legal rhetoric?

8. In what ways might indignation be considered the opposite of pity, and how did it differ from envy or emulation?

9. What was considered pleasant and unpleasant for the forensic speaker?

10. What knowledge of the forms of government did Aristotle think was necessary for a political rhetorician to have?

(see the answer keys)

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