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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the basic method used in the a fortiori argument that Aristotle referred to in Book II, Chapter 23?
(a) To argue two entirely different things at once.
(b) To focus on several positions at once.
(c) To prove one thing by proving another first.
(d) To focus on only one position at a time.

2. How did Aristotle define a maxim?
(a) A series of long statements about impractical conduct.
(b) A series of short statements about practical conduct.
(c) A long statement about impractical conduct.
(d) A short statement about practical conduct.

3. What about the past did Aristotle say that a legal orator was concerned with proving?
(a) Facts.
(b) Actions.
(c) Opinions.
(d) Doubts.

4. Why was a refutative enthymeme considered to be more effective by Aristotle?
(a) It was more concise and less elegant.
(b) It was more concise and more elegant.
(c) It was less concise and less elegant.
(d) It was less concise and more elegant.

5. How did Aristotle describe the difference between spoken and written prose?
(a) Spoken prose was generally more stylized and complicated.
(b) Spoken prose was generally more stylized and less complicated.
(c) Written prose was generally more stylized and complicated.
(d) Written prose was generally more stylized and less complicated.

Short Answer Questions

1. Using an example of the similarities or differences between parents and their children, how did Aristotle describe Socrates' children?

2. Based on Aristotle's discussion of objections, what would be the purpose in making a similar appeal to an argument?

3. What did Aristotle think was wrong with the metaphor that compared a man with a square?

4. What was thought to be incorrect about the example of the misuse of the epithet that Aristotle provided?

5. As discussed in Book III, Chapter 12, what should legal rhetoric blend argumentation with?

Short Essay Questions

1. Which example did Aristotle use to display the fallacious ways an enthymeme could be formed?

2. How did Aristotle explain the different kinds of arguments used by the three types of rhetoric in Book II, Chapter 18?

3. What value could surprises have in a speech, and what were some of the forms they could take?

4. How did Aristotle compare a simile and a metaphor in Book III, Chapter 4?

5. How might the antithesis sayings emphasize a particular point?

6. Based on Aristotle's discussion at the beginning of Book II, Chapter 12, which things could influence a person's feelings?

7. What was the benefit of using actual facts, the first type of example?

8. Which styles of political, forensic, and epideictic rhetoric were discussed at the end of Book III, Chapter 12?

9. What was the periodic form of prose, and why did Aristotle prefer it?

10. Based on the information in Book III, Chapter 10, which ideas could a metaphor help to deliver and why?

(see the answer keys)

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