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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Based on the information in Book I, Chapter 12, when did people commit crimes?

2. In what type of person did Aristotle explain there was an especially strong temptation to commit crimes?

3. Which one of the following was mentioned by Aristotle as a way that anger was useful in oratory?

4. Why did Aristotle think the political rhetorician should show that their proposal was in line with the audience's happiness?

5. What did Aristotle think a political orator should be aware of?

Short Essay Questions

1. Besides war and peace and national defense, what other subjects of political oratory did Aristotle include in Book 1, Chapter 4?

2. How were the three main areas of rhetoric introduced by Aristotle?

3. What did oaths add to legal rhetoric?

4. What was considered pleasant and unpleasant for the forensic speaker?

5. How were friendship and enmity described by Aristotle?

6. In what way were contracts used by a legal rhetorician?

7. What was Aristotle's description of the ethical appeal in rhetoric?

8. What were some of the aspects of anger and calmness that Aristotle discussed in the book?

9. What knowledge of the forms of government did Aristotle think was necessary for a political rhetorician to have?

10. Which ways should the political rhetorician consider the degree of goodness in forming a convincing argument?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast enthymemes and examples in rhetoric. Include an analysis of the twenty eight forms of enthymemes, the two types of examples, Aristotle's reference to historical and political examples of both, and how enthymemes and examples were applied to rhetoric in general.

Essay Topic 2

Besides sound argumentation, Aristotle thought that prose was very effective in rhetoric and speeches.

1) Describe the connection between prose and poetry and how prose was mainly used in rhetoric.

2) Explain the reasons why prose could be used in rhetoric, which audiences Aristotle thought would respond to it, and why.

3) Analyze the four common mistakes made in prose, examples of each mistake, and ways to avoid them.

Essay Topic 3

In the book, Aristotle discussed the three characterizations of sayings in prose.

1) Explain how antithesis sayings are used in rhetoric and provide three examples of them.

2) Describe how metaphors are used in rhetoric and provide three examples of them.

3) Explain how vivid descriptions are used in rhetoric and provide three examples of them.

4) Analyze when antithesis sayings, metaphors, and vivid descriptions would be the most effective in rhetoric or oratory.

(see the answer keys)

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