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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which one of the following was not included by Aristotle in the forms of surprises he mentioned?

2. In order for an enthymeme to be successful, what recommendation did Aristotle have about its conclusion?

3. Why did Aristotle say that metaphors were useful in a speech?

4. Using the same example in the previous question, why did Aristotle think a blossoming flower was a better choice for the metaphor?

5. What did Aristotle think orators should be careful of when writing their speeches?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the four ways that Aristotle listed about how objections could be raised?

2. As the second type of example, what were the two forms of the invented facts?

3. What was the periodic form of prose, and why did Aristotle prefer it?

4. What were some of the characteristics of a refutative enthymeme?

5. How did Aristotle compare a simile and a metaphor in Book III, Chapter 4?

6. What would the a fortiori argument refer to in rhetoric?

7. In Aristotle's opinion, why were non-logical ways necessary to convince certain audiences of a sound argument?

8. Based on Aristotle's discussion at the beginning of Book II, Chapter 12, which things could influence a person's feelings?

9. What was Aristotle's opinion of the paean rhythm in prose?

10. What value could surprises have in a speech, and what were some of the forms they could take?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the seven causes of human action, including a detailed example of each cause, an explanation of which causes were considered to be voluntary or involuntary by Aristotle, and the influence they might have in wrongdoing.

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast enthymemes and examples in rhetoric. Include an analysis of the twenty eight forms of enthymemes, the two types of examples, Aristotle's reference to historical and political examples of both, and how enthymemes and examples were applied to rhetoric in general.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the three main areas of rhetoric, their applications, styles, and the specific types of points that each were effective in delivering. Also, provide a current example of each area to depict how they are being used in modern times.

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