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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Aristotle describe vivid speech?

2. What about the past did Aristotle say that a legal orator was concerned with proving?

3. Which one of the following was not included by Aristotle in the forms of surprises he mentioned?

4. Using the same example in the previous question, why did Aristotle think a blossoming flower was a better choice for the metaphor?

5. What was the basic method used in the a fortiori argument that Aristotle referred to in Book II, Chapter 23?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the four ways that Aristotle listed about how objections could be raised?

2. How might the antithesis sayings emphasize a particular point?

3. What was Aristotle's opinion of the paean rhythm in prose?

4. How did Aristotle explain the different kinds of arguments used by the three types of rhetoric in Book II, Chapter 18?

5. As the second type of example, what were the two forms of the invented facts?

6. Which rules for poetry and prose did Aristotle outline in Book III, Chapter 2?

7. Which example did Aristotle use to display the fallacious ways an enthymeme could be formed?

8. How did Aristotle define the application of vivid descriptions in rhetoric?

9. Why might an enthymeme have been more effective with a surprising conclusion?

10. How did Aristotle define a maxim?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In proving a case or argument, a rhetorician should know how to object to opposing views.

1) Describe why objections were necessary in rhetoric.

2) Explain the four types of objections in rhetoric.

3) Analyze two examples for each type of objection in rhetoric.

Essay Topic 2

Analyze the five non-technical forms of persuasion and how they should be used in forensic oratory. Also, include a description of just and unjust actions and your opinions about how an action should be labeled and/or approached in rhetoric.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the three main areas of rhetoric, their applications, styles, and the specific types of points that each were effective in delivering. Also, provide a current example of each area to depict how they are being used in modern times.

(see the answer keys)

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