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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. As explained in Book I, Chapter 14, which things should be considered when deciding the unjustness of an action?
(a) Past crimes, associations, and intentions.
(b) Past crimes and associations.
(c) Associations and intentions.
(d) Past crimes and the intentions.

2. According to Aristotle, what act should the political rhetorician be concerned with?
(a) The act of legislation.
(b) The act of rejection.
(c) The act of ratification.
(d) The act of limitation.

3. Which type(s) of happiness was Aristotle referring to in Book I, Chapter 5?
(a) Individual happiness, equal happiness, and prosperity for the country.
(b) Prosperity for the country.
(c) Individual happiness.
(d) Equal happiness.

4. What were three examples of the voluntary causes for human action listed by Aristotle?
(a) Reasoning, compulsion, and appetite.
(b) Reasoning, anger, and compulsion.
(c) Anger, compulsion, and appetite.
(d) Reasoning, anger, and appetite.

5. How did Aristotle explain the binding extent of contracts?
(a) Only between the courts and an individual.
(b) Only between two individuals.
(c) Only between two individuals or the courts and an individual.
(d) They were not binding.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following did Aristotle think were more likely to commit crimes?

2. Based on Aristotle's explanation, why was it not possible to be angry at humanity in general?

3. Of the two kinds of witnesses, why did Aristotle think the ancient witnesses were useful?

4. What was included in the special laws referenced by Aristotle?

5. As explained in Book II, Chapter 4, what type of friends were people most likely to choose?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was the emotional appeal defined by Aristotle?

2. What definition did Aristotle give for 'rhetoric' at the beginning of the book?

3. How was justice described by Aristotle and why was virtue a significant part of rhetoric?

4. In what ways might indignation be considered the opposite of pity, and how did it differ from envy or emulation?

5. Why did Aristotle think that kindness received no compensation?

6. In what way were contracts used by a legal rhetorician?

7. Which ways should the political rhetorician consider the degree of goodness in forming a convincing argument?

8. What was Aristotle's explanation of fear and confidence?

9. Besides war and peace and national defense, what other subjects of political oratory did Aristotle include in Book 1, Chapter 4?

10. How did Aristotle explain the good and the useful in terms of political rhetoric?

(see the answer keys)

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