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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. At thirty, Frick is a millionaire with _______ thousand coke ovens and three thousand acres of land.

2. A second dimension necessary to effect this integration is the implementation of what system?

3. Small firms operate iron furnaces to smelt ore into _______ iron.

4. Carnegie forms an enterprise to manufacture Bessemer steel as he changes from ________________.

5. Productive staff is rewarded and non-productive staff is ___________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What happens when Carnegie goes to Scotland?

2. Describe the economic collapse. How are Carnegie and others affected by it?

3. What are the benefits of the Cyclops and Union Mills merger?

4. Who is Homestead? How does Carnegie deal with Homestead?

5. What causes the 1893 depression? What does Carnegie do at this time?

6. How does Carnegie benefit from cutting costs?

7. What does Carnegie do between 1872 and 1889?

8. What does Frick's chairmanship mark?

9. Describe Captain Bill Jones' management of labor.

10. Describe Carnegie's replacement of equipment.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Panic of 1873 is significant.

Part 1) Describe the Panic of 1873. How does it begin? How are businesses and ordinary citizens affected by it? How does the country pull out of this panic? How does this panic compare to the 1929 Crash and the Great Depression that followed?

Part 2) Could this panic have been avoided? If so, how? If not, why not? Did the country learn from this panic? Why or why not?

Part 3) Could a panic such as this occur again? Why or why not? Have we as a country learned anything from this panic, the Crash of 1929, and other economic disasters? Explain.

Essay Topic 2

Andrew becomes known as Pittsburgh's best telegraph operator.

Part 1) How does he become known as this? What does this reveal about his personality? How are these character traits continually revealed and reinforced throughout this book?

Part 2) How does Andrew benefit from this title? How does his work ethic and natural business sense impact the decisions he makes throughout his life?

Part 3) What can you learn from Andrew? How can you benefit from Andrew's experiences?

Essay Topic 3

The start of ET coincides with the Panic of 1873.

Part 1) What is ET? Why is it significant that the start of ET coincides with this panic? How does this affect Carnegie, his partners, and the investors?

Part 2) How does Carnegie deal with this panic? What decisions does he make? How much of an impact do these decisions have on his company? What do his decisions and actions reveal and reinforce about him?

Part 3) How would you have reacted if you had lived during the Panic of 1873? Would you have been as clear-headed and forward-thinking at Carnegie? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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