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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Hegel, what is the element of self-consciousness closest to the Absolute?

2. What serves as a model for duties for individuals in Hegel's opinion?

3. What term does Hegel use to describe the interrelation of Spirit with events?

4. According to Hegel, what is the difficulty with self-consciousness manifesting morality?

5. In Hegel's philosophy, enlightenment is superior to stages of development that are associated with what?

Short Essay Questions

1. Define the German word Geist.

2. How does Hegel define moments?

3. What is the contradiction that governs the self's relationship with morality, in Hegel's view?

4. What is God's relationship with the work of art, in Hegel's view?

5. How does Hegel define self-estrangement?

6. In what way does Hegel say that humans can continue to progress beyond Absolute Knowledge?

7. How is the Divine Being revealed, in Hegel's philosophy?

8. How does Hegel define the artificer?

9. How does Hegel describe the Absolute Spirit?

10. What, in Hegel's view, is the purpose of life?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze the things the self loses along the path of its development toward Absolute Spirit according to Hegel's philosophy. How are the individual's losses compensated with new gains, powers, abilities? Is the self conserved throughout the process, or does it end with more or less than it started with? Is it even still the same thing?

Essay Topic 2

In the midst of his discussion of spirit and individuality, Hegel detours into a chapter on property and no property, and even describes communism as an ideal social system for distributing goods. What is the role of this social planning impulse throughout the rest of Phenomenology of Spirit? Is Hegel urging socio-political changes, or is he talking abstractly, or metaphorically, of the soul? How political is Hegel?

Essay Topic 3

What is the difference between concrete individuality and Absolute Spirit in Hegel's philosophy? They both strike a balance between internal and external reality and experience, but how are they separate terms?

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