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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Whose work did Hegel write in the shadow of?

2. The spirit that creates artwork also creates what else according to Hegel?

3. How does Hegel describe the fulfillment of duty?

4. How is belief transformed into enlightenment according to Hegel?

5. What does Hegel say is the highest moral function of an individual?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hegel define duty?

2. What is God's relationship with the work of art, in Hegel's view?

3. Define the German word Geist.

4. According to Hegel's philosophy, what is the individual's relationship with society, in terms of the development of ethical behavior?

5. What is the difference between "property" and "no property" in Hegel's view?

6. In Hegel's philosophy, what is the difference between conscience and the moral self-consciousness?

7. How does Hegel describe the Absolute Spirit?

8. How does Hegel define the artificer?

9. According to Hegel, what does the law of heart do to an individual who follows it?

10. How does Hegel account for self-conflict as an opportunity for the self?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is the role of conflict in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit? Is there an alternative by which the individual can develop without experiencing conflict? Hegel describes the experience of the world as a sad and unhappy experience for most people. Under what conditions and within what limitations is happiness possible? Is happiness reconcilable with conflict?

Essay Topic 2

Hegel invokes the pre-Christian Greek cults as examples of the religious life he imagines. Is his religion pagan or "civilized"? Natural or urban? What values is he returning to by invoking the Greeks? What Christian practices is he discarding?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and analyze Hegel's ideas concerning the characteristic tensions and conflicts as the individual is transformed from organic nature to Absolute Knowledge, and discuss the process by which the Spirit develops.

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