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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Hegel's philosophy, what is the first stage in the development of the conscious mind?
(a) Universal heart is discovered through individual heart.
(b) The sense of the uniqueness of the heart falls away.
(c) Forces that contradict the individual's feelings occur.
(d) Individual heart is recognized by self-consciousness.

2. What does Hegel mean by "concrete"?
(a) Devoid of consciousness.
(b) Filled with potential.
(c) Experiential and actual.
(d) Filled with divine actuality.

3. What does Hegel recommend for people who conflict with their times and culture?
(a) Assimilation.
(b) Subversion.
(c) Relocation.
(d) Repression.

4. What do both parts of a lordship/bondage relationship seek in Hegel's philosophy?
(a) Self-certainty of consciousness.
(b) The elimination of the other.
(c) Equilibrium.
(d) Dominance.

5. According to Hegel, what is "honest activity" related to?
(a) Seeming.
(b) The effects of action.
(c) The origins of action.
(d) Emptiness.

6. According to Hegel, pon what does the reality of a notion depend?
(a) Reflective consciousness.
(b) Reconciliation of self and reality.
(c) Subjectivity.
(d) External reality.

7. How does Hegel describe reason?
(a) As an evolutionary benefit.
(b) As evidence of the divine.
(c) As a stage of mind.
(d) As uniquely human.

8. What field does Hegel defend in the Preface and Introduction?
(a) Phrenology.
(b) Astrology.
(c) Religion.
(d) Science.

9. According to Hegel, why is even a killer dissatisfied with the self-certainty that comes from killing another person?
(a) Because some acts cannot be brought into the light.
(b) Because the act of murder is only a beginning and has to be repeated ritually.
(c) Because even the final act of murder does not put one in touch with unconscious feelings.
(d) Because the dead are never removed from the consciousness of the killer.

10. How does Hegel describe force?
(a) Force is a human power to be used against nature.
(b) Force is an eternal power in the world.
(c) Force is impersonal, natural, and divine.
(d) Force is an attempt to transfer understanding.

11. What does Hegel include in the limitations of laws?
(a) Limitations of self-consciousness.
(b) Limitations of observation.
(c) Limitations of reflection.
(d) Limitations of mind.

12. What school of thought influenced Hegel's writing?
(a) Romanticism.
(b) Humanism.
(c) Nationalism.
(d) Enlightenment.

13. Which modern culture is the most representative descendant of Hegelian thinking?
(a) France.
(b) Russia.
(c) America.
(d) Germany.

14. According to Hegel, how does the animal fulfill its purpose?
(a) By attaining reflection.
(b) By reconciling its self with reality.
(c) By living.
(d) By attaining consciousness.

15. Where does Hegel locate the beginning of scientific knowledge?
(a) In self-knowledge.
(b) In spirituality.
(c) In History.
(d) In God.

Short Answer Questions

1. What else must an individual conquer in order to manifest individuality according to Hegel?

2. According to Hegel, what is it that prevents the development of consciousness from producing societal problems?

3. According to Hegel, self-consciousness is aware of itself relative to what?

4. In Hegel's terminology, what does the term "sensibility" pertain to?

5. According to Hegel, how does the truth of concrete individuals manifest?

(see the answer keys)

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