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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Hegel, what does an individual need to do to live wisely and virtuously?
(a) Live their lives.
(b) Conform to their culture.
(c) Develop new ways of doing things.
(d) Express themselves in acts and words.

2. What does a man gain by doing good work in Hegel's view?
(a) World-consciousness.
(b) Power and awareness.
(c) Access to the world-spirit.
(d) Authority and riches.

3. What are noumena according to Hegel?
(a) Laws.
(b) Perceptions.
(c) Events.
(d) Objects.

4. According to Hegel, why is even a killer dissatisfied with the self-certainty that comes from killing another person?
(a) Because the act of murder is only a beginning and has to be repeated ritually.
(b) Because even the final act of murder does not put one in touch with unconscious feelings.
(c) Because some acts cannot be brought into the light.
(d) Because the dead are never removed from the consciousness of the killer.

5. What does "the concrete" have in Hegel's account?
(a) Scientific self-certainty.
(b) Form and universals.
(c) Consciousness.
(d) Unique life.

6. What qualities does Hegel describe as being necessary for organic entities?
(a) Reflective.
(b) Self-preserving.
(c) Capable of perception.
(d) Self-conscious.

7. According to Hegel, how does the animal fulfill its purpose?
(a) By attaining reflection.
(b) By attaining consciousness.
(c) By reconciling its self with reality.
(d) By living.

8. How does Hegel define "irritability"?
(a) As a failure of reflection.
(b) As an organism's ability to act out.
(c) As a the consequence of reconciliation.
(d) As a constant in conscious life.

9. What school of thought influenced Hegel's writing?
(a) Humanism.
(b) Nationalism.
(c) Romanticism.
(d) Enlightenment.

10. According to Hegel, what is "honest activity" related to?
(a) The effects of action.
(b) The origins of action.
(c) Seeming.
(d) Emptiness.

11. According to Hegel, what are the mind's two relations to reality?
(a) Thinking and biology.
(b) History and concepts.
(c) Reason and physiology.
(d) Spirit and heart.

12. According to Hegel, what must an individual conquer in order to manifest consciousness and individuality?
(a) The individual must conquer the animal nature within themselves.
(b) The individual must conquer the part of themselves that runs counter to what society needs.
(c) The individual must conquer necessity and the inevitability of his responses.
(d) The individual must conquer the society itself.

13. What else must an individual conquer in order to manifest individuality according to Hegel?
(a) Artistic form of individual expression.
(b) Organic consciousness.
(c) The conceit of individuality.
(d) Histoical situatedness.

14. What does Hegel say is ultimately impossible for a human?
(a) Self-awareness.
(b) Fulfillment.
(c) Purposelessness.
(d) Transcendence.

15. What role does Hegel say society plays in how man determines his direction?
(a) Hegel says that society provides the foundation for freedom.
(b) Hegel says that society codifies desires with laws.
(c) Hegel says that society inhibits men's freedom.
(d) Hegel says that society works against the direction of the heart.

Short Answer Questions

1. What development does Hegel explain in "Perception, Thing and Deceptiveness"?

2. What is it that indicates something about a person's unique traits, in Hegel's account?

3. What does Hegel say is impossible in animal life?

4. What does Hegel say the meaning of life is for every individual?

5. In Hegel's philosophy, what is the first stage in the development of the conscious mind?

(see the answer keys)

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