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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the main obstacle to the individual submitting to the good and the true in Hegel's view?
(a) The conceit of individuality.
(b) Necessity.
(c) The illusion of free will.
(d) The universalization of the mind.

2. How does Hegel describe notions?
(a) As anamnesis.
(b) As contingent on subjectivity.
(c) As aspects of laws.
(d) As actual things.

3. How does Hegel describe the process of the World running its Course?
(a) Exhilarating.
(b) Uplifting.
(c) Torturous and miserable.
(d) Sad and unpleasant.

4. According to Hegel, how does the truth of concrete individuals manifest?
(a) If manifests without any doubt.
(b) It manifests in action.
(c) It manifests in self-conflict.
(d) It manifests in every decision.

5. How do objects achieve identity according to Hegel?
(a) Through assertion.
(b) Through reflection.
(c) Through self awareness.
(d) Through determinateness.

6. How does Hegel describe force?
(a) Force is an eternal power in the world.
(b) Force is an attempt to transfer understanding.
(c) Force is a human power to be used against nature.
(d) Force is impersonal, natural, and divine.

7. How does Hegel describe Necessity?
(a) Hegel says that Necessity gives man everything he needs.
(b) Hegel says that Necessity crushes men's freedom with fate.
(c) Hegel says that Necessity liberates man to make free will decisions.
(d) Hegel says that Necessity works against the law of the heart.

8. In what way could Hegel see a person, a table and a fruit as all identical?
(a) They are all 'things'.
(b) They are all 'objects of perception' to another person.
(c) They are all raw material for consciousness.
(d) They are all 'mind'.

9. What does Hegel relate desire to?
(a) Aesthetics.
(b) Primitive will.
(c) SIn.
(d) Beauty.

10. What is the relationship between phrenology, physiognomy, and cranioscopy according to Hegel?
(a) They all address the problem of embodiment of self-consciousness.
(b) They all represent sciences that have evolved closer to conciousness.
(c) They are all forms of self-measurement and self-reflection.
(d) They are all evidence of different kinds of scientific thinking.

11. What does Hegel say is ultimately impossible for a human?
(a) Fulfillment.
(b) Self-awareness.
(c) Transcendence.
(d) Purposelessness.

12. What does Hegel mean by "concrete"?
(a) Filled with divine actuality.
(b) Experiential and actual.
(c) Filled with potential.
(d) Devoid of consciousness.

13. What does Hegel say is the goal of individual self-consciousness?
(a) To engage the law of the heart in dialogue with fate.
(b) To transcend whatever opposes the law of the heart.
(c) To subjugate the law of the heart to social law.
(d) To merge the law of the heart with necessity.

14. How else do the inner and outer relate, besides being opposites according to Hegel?
(a) They are also complementary.
(b) The outer is also dependent on the inner.
(c) They are also mutually dependent.
(d) The inner is also dependent on the outer.

15. What is the contradiction at the heart of absolute reality according to Hegel?
(a) It is real but it is also a myth that is propagated in philosophy.
(b) Literacy and printing presses have made experiences transferable to people have not had the experience themselves.
(c) The individual intuits the existence of life beyond himself but can never know anything except through direct perception.
(d) The individual learns about existence from individual existence and also from external reality.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is it that expresses both the individual and inner reality, in Hegel's view?

2. How does Hegel define a law?

3. According to Hegel, how does the animal fulfill its purpose?

4. What are noumena according to Hegel?

5. According to Hegel, what does an individual need to do to live wisely and virtuously?

(see the answer keys)

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