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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the relationship between phrenology, physiognomy, and cranioscopy according to Hegel?

2. Which modern culture is the most representative descendant of Hegelian thinking?

3. What is the purpose of an animal's mentality in Hegel's opinion?

4. How does Hegel classify desires?

5. According to Hegel, what does an individual need to do to live wisely and virtuously?

Short Essay Questions

1. How can the individual's truths be realized, according to Hegel's philosophy?

2. What does a consciousness require in order to use observation at the level of Reason according to Hegel's philosophy?

3. How are notions and reality related according to Hegel's philosophy?

4. In Hegel's philosophy, what relationship do the sciences--particularly phrenology and craniology--have to do with truth?

5. According to Hegel's account, what is the mind's relationship with itself?

6. How does Hegel define "sensibility"?

7. What qualities does an "organic entity" have according to Hegel?

8. What was the relationship between philosophy and science in Hegel's time?

9. What is it that forms the basis of individuality and character, in Hegel's terminology?

10. What distinction does the translator Baille draw between "the fact of the matter" and "a matter of fact"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What further development stages can the soul undertake to experience, after it becomes an Absolute Spirit, in Hegel's terms? Put another way, what kinds of experience does Hegel leave out of "Phenomenology of Spirit"? Are there mystical or otherwise devout experiences he does not include?

Essay Topic 2

How does Hegel's philosophy change in modern times with modern technology? With an argument based in Hegel's text, say whether the Phenomenology of Spirit needs to be updated because of modernity's developments, either in technology or politics or warfare or the arts or culture.

Essay Topic 3

Hegel uses anatomical metaphors to express his theories, such as his comparison of Sensibility to the nervous system, or Reproduction to the intestinal system. What is the role of the body in Hegel's philosophy, and are his metaphors meant to invoke the body as a constant presence behind Hegel's discussion of Reason and the development of the self-consciousness, or are they merely explanatory metaphors?

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