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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the contradiction at the heart of absolute reality according to Hegel?

2. How does Hegel describe Necessity?

3. According to Hegel, action turns the external world into an arena where what can come into being?

4. According to the translator's note, Hegel's study of pleasure and necessity is really a study of what?

5. Where does Hegel see the opportunity for good to be manifest through the actions of human beings?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the difference between "theoretical reason" and "practical reason" in Hegel's terminology?

2. How does Hegel define "sensibility"?

3. What qualities does an "organic entity" have according to Hegel?

4. What are the stages by which the conscious mind develops, in Hegel's terminology?

5. What are the components of a "concrete individuality" in Hegel's terminology?

6. How, in Hegel's view, does the self become aware of the contradiction of selfhood?

7. How does Hegel define determinateness?

8. What is the difference between a person and an animal in Hegel's philosophy?

9. What is it that forms the basis of individuality and character, in Hegel's terminology?

10. What are the two meanings Hegel gives to the term "independent self-consciousness"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

According to Hegel, what is the difference between duty, morality, law and art? These things all help the self mediate between subjective self-awareness and existence as an objective thing in the world. How are duty, morality, law, and art different in how they mediate the different stages of the opposition the self encounters?

Essay Topic 2

How does Hegel's philosophy change in modern times with modern technology? With an argument based in Hegel's text, say whether the Phenomenology of Spirit needs to be updated because of modernity's developments, either in technology or politics or warfare or the arts or culture.

Essay Topic 3

What is the difference between concrete individuality and Absolute Spirit in Hegel's philosophy? They both strike a balance between internal and external reality and experience, but how are they separate terms?

(see the answer keys)

This section contains 900 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample