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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is meant by Hegel's term "practical reason"?
(a) Instinctual reactions.
(b) Rational actions.
(c) Universal truths.
(d) Ideas that result in happiness.

2. Which modern culture is the most representative descendant of Hegelian thinking?
(a) Russia.
(b) Germany.
(c) France.
(d) America.

3. What is the reason of observation conjoined with, according to the translator? 
(a) Knowledge and science.
(b) Self-consciousness and reflection.
(c) Self reconciliation.
(d) Scientific knowledge.

4. How does Hegel describe Necessity?
(a) Hegel says that Necessity works against the law of the heart.
(b) Hegel says that Necessity crushes men's freedom with fate.
(c) Hegel says that Necessity gives man everything he needs.
(d) Hegel says that Necessity liberates man to make free will decisions.

5. In Hegel's view, how are laws of thought connected?
(a) By science.
(b) By reason.
(c) By history.
(d) By logic.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Hegel, what does an individual need to do to live wisely and virtuously?

2. What else must an individual conquer in order to manifest individuality according to Hegel?

3. What is the result of force in Hegel's philosophy?

4. In Hegel's philosophy, what is the first stage in the development of the conscious mind?

5. What do both parts of a lordship/bondage relationship seek in Hegel's philosophy?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relationship of freedom and fate in Hegel's terminology?

2. How can the individual's truths be realized, according to Hegel's philosophy?

3. In Hegel's philosophy, what relationship do the sciences--particularly phrenology and craniology--have to do with truth?

4. How, in Hegel's view, does the self become aware of the contradiction of selfhood?

5. What does Hegel mean by saying that consciousness is relational?

6. What obstacle is there, in Hegel's terminology, to an individual following the law of the heart?

7. What are the components of a "concrete individuality" in Hegel's terminology?

8. What does a consciousness require in order to use observation at the level of Reason according to Hegel's philosophy?

9. How does Hegel define the relationship between the lord and the servant?

10. What was the relationship between philosophy and science in Hegel's time?

(see the answer keys)

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