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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Hegel define ownership?
(a) As being of objects only, never people.
(b) Contractual relationship with mutual obligations.
(c) Total knowledge and possession.
(d) Close relationship with duties of protection.

2. In Hegel's philosophy, what is the relation between property and no property?
(a) They are complementary and interdependent.
(b) They are opposites.
(c) They are mutually exclusive.
(d) They are opposites and coexisting ideas.

3. According to Hegel's philosophy, what will lead people to the goal of Absolute self-conscious Spirit?
(a) A combination of history and science.
(b) Orthodox religion.
(c) Self-awareness in nations.
(d) Art and ritual.

4. How does Hegel describe the community he found himself living in?
(a) The ethical world.
(b) Historical consciousness.
(c) Spirit.
(d) Eighteenth-century Germany.

5. According to Hegel, what has Absolute Spirit developed into in the "beautiful soul"?
(a) The Absolute Spirit has disappeared as the beautiful soul manifests its own unique spirit.
(b) The Absolute Spirit has become a tool for discerning truth.
(c) The Absolute Spirit has become a functioning state of consciousness.
(d) The Absolute Spirit has become a part of nature.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Hegel define Enlightenment?

2. How does Hegel describe the Absolute?

3. What does the conscience create according to Hegel?

4. How does Virtue manifest Reason in a society according to Hegel?

5. What does Hegel equate with Spirit?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hegel account for self-conflict as an opportunity for the self?

2. According to Hegel, what do artists and tool makers have in common?

3. How does Hegel define duty?

4. According to Hegel's philosophy, what is the individual's relationship with society, in terms of the development of ethical behavior?

5. How does Hegel define Absolute Freedom?

6. What is the two-fold function of Spirit, in Hegel's philosophy?

7. According to Hegel's philosophy, what is the progression the self follows?

8. How is the Divine Being revealed, in Hegel's philosophy?

9. In Hegel's philosophy, what is the difference between conscience and the moral self-consciousness?

10. According to Hegel, how is duty related to action?

(see the answer keys)

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