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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Virtue manifest Reason in a society according to Hegel?
(a) Through work.
(b) Through public rituals.
(c) Through public and private acts.
(d) Through works of art.

2. What does Spirit represent for the Mind according to Hegel?
(a) Unity with truth.
(b) Historical consciousness.
(c) Class consciousness.
(d) Unity with the Universal Mind.

3. How does Hegel describe each action?
(a) As unifying.
(b) As divisive.
(c) As an internal struggle.
(d) As self-contradictory.

4. Which religion comes first, in Hegel's philosophy?
(a) Natural religion.
(b) Moral religion.
(c) Instinctual religion.
(d) Human religion.

5. What term does Hegel use to describe the interrelation of Spirit with events?
(a) Occasions.
(b) Moments.
(c) Spirit of the Times.
(d) Happenings.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does conceit cause according to Hegel?

2. In Hegel's opinion, what does the universal law of heart lead to?

3. In Hegel's philosophy, which aspect of mind can operate in ways that do not touch daily life in a cause-effect manner?

4. According the Hegel's philosophy, what is the one state where complete annihilation of difference occurs?

5. How does Hegel define the self at the higher level of consciousness?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what way or under what conditions can self-consciousness itself be moral in Hegel's view?

2. How does Hegel define moments?

3. Define the German word Geist.

4. How does Hegel define duty?

5. What is the effect of Insight on self-consciousness, in Hegel's philosophy?

6. According to Hegel, what do artists and tool makers have in common?

7. What is enlightenment and what are its consequences according to Hegel?

8. What does Hegel say about the distribution of wealth?

9. What is the contradiction that governs the self's relationship with morality, in Hegel's view?

10. How does Hegel account for self-conflict as an opportunity for the self?

(see the answer keys)

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